Comparing Karl Marx And The Mill Mill On Their...

This essay compares and contrasts Karl Marx and J.S. Mill on their understandings of freedom and their analyses of the impediments to its realization. Both Marx and Mill agree that human beings are capable of making progress and that the concept of freedom is an end in itself. Thus, they saw freedom as a means to realise individual potential and self-determination. However, both differ on the concept of freedom realisation and the impediments to freedom. Mill argues that the impediment to freedom is the masculine society while Marx argues that the impediment to freedom is the bourgeoisie. Furthermore, the essay discusses the intervention by state/society into freedom. Mill assert that the society can interfere into someone’s freedom when there is harm done to others. For Mill freedom should be exercised as long as there is no harm done to others while Marx supports the freedom to overthrow the bourgeoisie . On the other hand, Marx views hold that the go vernment/ society should intervene in individual freedom to avoid individuality that leads to private property and hence creating classes. Both Marx and Mill see freedom as an end in itself. According to Marx’s definition of freedom, was viewed as an end in itself. â€Å"Only in community has each individual the means of cultivating his gifts in all directions; only in the community, therefore, is personal freedom possible. In the previous substitutes for the community, in the State, etc. personalShow MoreRelatedEssay about Capitalism in Marx and Weber3426 Words   |  14 PagesThe Concept Of Capitalism In Marx And Weber; What Is The Contemporary Relevance Of Their Ideas? Introduction: At the later nineteenth century many social and economical ideas were developed because of the past revolutions and the present conflict of individuals and organised assemblies. Capitalism, one of these ideas, leads bourgeoisie to dream of a capitalist society in order to advance their maintain lifestyle and gain wealth. This economic system which is dominated by private business andRead MoreJurisprudential Theories on IPR13115 Words   |  53 PagesThe document presented in our digital archive is a private copy of the first print edition of 1821 that was annotated by Hegel himself for use in subsequent lectures. In Hegels view, property is something that enables the exercise of subjective freedom rather than a consequence of civil liberties. Thus, literary property is also a manifestation of a persons free will. Hegels concept of individual, personal rights as a basis of copyright was influenced by Kant and Fichte and had some bearing onRead MoreChristian Ethics in a Postmodern W orld Essay example6531 Words   |  27 Pagesof the ‘postmodern’. 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Their most enduring influence, however, has been on sociology, (with the exception of Marx, who is a central figure in the field ofRead MoreTheories of Organizational Behavior10512 Words   |  43 Pagespurposes. * The employees feel that their actions will be consistent with the needs and desires of the other employees. * The employees feel that they are mentally and physically able to carry out the order. Barnard s sympathy for and understanding of employee needs positioned him as a bridge to the behavioral school of management, the next school of thought to emerge. Relevance Today Having given a brief introduction, it would be pertinent to look at the current status, impact, relevanceRead MoreExistentialism vs Essentialism23287 Words   |  94 Pagesunderstands his own existence in terms of his experience of himself and his situation. The self of which he is aware is a thinking being which has beliefs, hopes, fears, desires, the need to find a purpose, and a will that can determine his actions. Understanding  existentialism  is often difficult, often because its ideas conflict with other major trends in the thought of western and eastern philosophies alike. Many people consider existentialism to be a dark and pessimistic philosophy, void of hope. HoweverRead MoreCollective Behavior11901 Words   |  48 Pages Supporters and opponents of abortion take to the streets daily. Mexico City searches for answers to a gas explosion that leveled a 40 square block area. The number of men wearing pony tails and one earring and the number of people saying and understanding yo, dude seems to be increasing. These diverse actions fall within the area sociologists call collective behavior. Some fields in sociology are relatively easy to define and their meaning can be grasped immediately, e.g. the family, devianceRead MoreCollective Behavior11916 Words   |  48 Pages Supporters and opponents of abortion take to the streets daily. Mexico City searches for answers to a gas explosion that leveled a 40 square block area. The number of men wearing pony tails and one earring and the number of people saying and understanding yo, dude seems to be increasing. These diverse actions fall within the area sociologists call collective behavior. Some fields in sociology are relatively easy to define and their meaning can be grasped immediately, e.g. the family, devianceRead MoreInvestment and Economic Moats46074 Words   |  185 Pages1980, offers readers a fundamental understanding of how to get rich using the best in growth investing strategies. Filled with in-depth insights and practical advice, The Little Book That Makes You Rich outlines an effective approach to building true wealth in today’s markets. The Little Book That Builds Wealth, where Pat Dorsey, director of stock research for leading independent investment research provider Morningstar, Inc., guides the reader in understanding â€Å"economic moats,† learning howRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesorganization theory the book increases the understanding of a field that in recent years has become ever more fragmented. Organization theory is central to managing, organizing and reflecting on both formal and informal structures, and in this respect you will find this book timely, interesting and valuable. Peter Holdt Christensen, Associate Professor, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark McAuley et al.’s book is thought-provoking, witty and highly relevant for understanding contemporary organizational dilemmas

Flannery OConnor and Her Works - 913 Words

Flannery O’Connor â€Å"I am a writer because writing is what I do best,† Known for her unique collection of short stories, Flannery O’Connor had a major impact on the writing industry during the 20th century. She is still to this day considered one of the most famous American authors. She very well shows that your life really impacts your writing technique, and tone of writing. She was born March 3rd, 1925. O’Connor was raised by two very Catholic parents in Savanna, Georgia. Her father, Edward Francis O’Connor, worked as a real estate agent and was a World War II veteran. O’Connors mother, Regina Lucille O’Connor, was a very social woman and a stay at home mother. O’Connor was the only child of Edward and Regina, and was always a different type of girl. She was that type of girl who would always be alone on the playground during recess, talking to herself. She didnt have many friends, her only â€Å"friends† were her chickens, who she would knit clothes for. She had an interest of fowls, especially with oddities. When O’Connor was 12, her father took a position with the American Legion Post of Georgia and spent most of his time traveling. Edward was traveling so much that he and the family started to neglect financial obligations, and ended up having to move to Milledgeville. A few years later, when O’Connor was 15, her father died at age 45 from Lupus. O’Connors father was always on the road, so he was hardly at home. With him always gone and then his passing, it was clear thatShow MoreRelatedMary Flannery OConnor: One of the Best Short Story Writers of Her Day684 Words   |  3 Pageswriters of her day, Mary Flannery O’Connor was a brilliant writer, and still is, highly acclaimed. Her unique style of writing has a large part in her continued popularity. Ann Garbett states,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦O’Connor combined religious themes from her Roman Catholic vision with a comically realist character from the rural Protestant south to create a fiction that is simultaneou sly serious and comic† (1910). Mary O’Connor Flannery was an extremely talented young author who experienced hardships throughout her shortRead MoreFlannery OConnor: A Brief Biography842 Words   |  3 Pageswriter to worry is to take over Gods business.† (O’Connor). This statement is encouraging to all believers in God, knowing that it is coming from a fellow Catholic like Flannery O’Connor. O’Connor is associated with the Christian Realism movement, which is a logical view developed by a theologian, Reinhold Niebuhr, who argued that the Kingdom of God cannot be realized on earth because of the naturally corrupt trends of society (â€Å"Flannery O’Connor†). This movement began in the late 1940’s and alongRead More Flannery OConnors A Good Man is Hard To Find Essay1144 Words   |  5 PagesFlannery O’Connor’s A Good Man Is Hard to Find is one of the most well-known short stories in American history. A Good Man Is Hard to Find is a disturbing short story that exemplifies grace in extremity as well as the threat of an intruder. The story tells of an elderly grandmother and her family who embark on a road trip to Florida. The grandmother is a stubborn old woman with a low sense of morality. While on the trip, the grandmother convinces her son to take a detour which results in a brokenRead More Flannery Oconnor1301 Words   |  6 Pageson how the world was dealing with the changes. Flannery O’Connor, a prominent Catholic writer from the South, was one of the many who examined society and shared their philosophies. O’Connor shocked her twentieth century readers with the haunting style and piercing questions in her short stories and novels, which were centered on a combination of her life experiences, her deep Catholic faith, and the literature of the time. Mary Flannery O’Connor was born in Savannah, Georgia in 1925 into one ofRead More Flannery OConnor: A Twentieth Century Fiction Writer Essay829 Words   |  4 Pageswritten about Flannery OConnors short stories and novels. There is a significant amount critical analysis about Flannery OConnor because she used so many styles that have not been used before. Flannery OConnor ranks among he most important American fiction writers of the twentieth century. Flannery OConnor was born in 1925 in Savannah, Georgia, and lived there until her family moved in 1938. OConnor and her family moved to a small Georgia farming town named Milledgeville. When Flannery was 15 yearsRead MoreFlannery OConnor 1111 Words   |  5 PagesFlannery O’Connor When writing a piece of literature the content is often influenced from the background of the person who is writing. The author, whether consciously or subconsciously, adds in personal experiences or beliefs into their pieces. Flannery O’Connor is a good example of this trend. Her short stories illustrate the hardships, beliefs, and society at the time she lived and was writing. It is most blatantly demonstrated in her collection of short stories entitled, A Good Man Is HardRead MoreFlannery O’Connor Essay1158 Words   |  5 PagesFlannery O’Connor was fond of saying, â€Å"When in Rome, do as you done in Milledgeville.† O’Connor was born in Savannah, Georgia, but spent the bulk of her life in Milledgeville, and it is her Southern heritage that influenced her and made her writing extremely distinctive in the history that is American literature. As a Roman Catholic in the Protestant-majority South, she was often confronted with the differences be tween the surroundings and herself, a theme that often comes up in her writing. O’ConnorRead MoreThe Life Of Flannery OConnor Essay1099 Words   |  5 Pagesit plays a major role. The life of Flannery O’Connor is no exception to this. The great Catholic lifestyle of her parents helped persuade her writing of, â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find.† Flannery O’Connor is regarded as one of the greatest supporters of Roman Catholic writings in the twentieth century. O’Connor was born in Savannah on March 25th, 1925 and her parents were very devout Catholics. She was raised to always live the Catholic lifestyle. O’Connor was educated at a local parochial schoolRead MoreFlannery O Connor Is Considered One Of The Most Successful Writer979 Words   |  4 PagesMary Flannery O’Connor is considered one of the most successful short story writers in history. She composed her works during a period of prosperity and economic boom following World War II. Although the economy was thriving, the 1950’s were a period of struggle for women’s rights, as well as other minorities. (Digital History) Based on her success, one could conclude O’Connor exceeded all barriers against women during the fifties. Flannery O’Connor’s life experiences based on her faith, her novelsRead MoreSymb olization in the Good Country People by Flannery OConnor1223 Words   |  5 Pagesshort story written by Flannery O’Connor in the mid 50’s. The story takes place on farm in Georgia that Mrs. Hopewell owns. Flannery O’Connor uses the characters names and personalities to symbolize that they aren’t really who they think they are. The protagonist Joy-Hulga has a heart condition which and a peg leg. Her heat condition and disability reflects that she is a broken and weak person on the inside. Mrs. Hopewell is Joy-Hulga’s mother, she is very hopeful that her daughter would be something

Women Enfranchisement and the World Wars Free Essays

Abstract This essay is a short compilation of research into the reasons for the enfranchisement and supposed ‘ regendering’ of women during the years 1914 and 1945, to determine how much it was due to the actions of women during the two world wars. Historical discussion of the impact of the wars, particularly the First World War, tends to fall into two camps; the first see enfranchisement as a reward for â€Å"services rendered† during the war years (Marwick, 1974). The opposing side sees it as a consequence of the political maneuverings of the time; the need for electoral reform with respect to soldiers, changes in the make up of parliament and women’s political groups (Bartley, 1998). We will write a custom essay sample on Women Enfranchisement and the World Wars or any similar topic only for you Order Now This enfranchisement is often linked to a wider social change in the attitudes of women, to them starting to climb out of the domestic sphere, as well as a re-evaluation of how they perceive themselves within society, although the extent to which this occurs is, for me, a key question to raise here. 1. Introduction War bears little regard for tradition or morality. Traditional gender boundaries find themselves in a state of suspended animation in these times; men are suddenly turned from fathers to killers, women from housewives to TNT-stained laborers, and it is the war’s effects on the latter gender, with particular reference to their political rights, that will be discussed here. 2. The Wars 2.1 World War I It is not hard to see why the idea of enfranchisement as a ‘reward’ is propounded. In WWI women found themselves thrust into difficult employment like the munitionettesor army nurses. This meant that women were often doing jobs previously filled by men, blurring the enforced boundaries between them, and unraveling previous arguments for segregation. However, they were paid less than male counterparts (although any pay was particularly important for those who had lost their partner’s wage to the war). The women that were enfranchised in the 1918 Act were limited to those over 30, which left out a majority of younger women involved in war work. Surely, if the vote was a reward, it would have been handed to all of those deserving it rather than just a small sliver? 2.2 World War II The use of bombing by German military in WWII meant that homes were ensnared in the conflict, it‘ trampled roughshod through the women’s sphere, the home’ (Calder, 1969). Female conscription was introduced in 1941, increasing the ‘ dual burden’ of having to run a home whilst employed, which won them applause in the press and political speeches. They were drafted in to a wider variety of military occupations, often working alongside men. After 1945 though many women left their employment, and government policy pushed a reversion to the family, a pattern also seen in 1918. This correlation implies very little real change. This prevailing family emphasis, particularly for married women, is epitomized in the Beveridge Report; â€Å" The attitude of the housewife to gainful employment outside the home is not and should not be the same as the single woman†¦. housewives and mothers have vital work to do in ensuring the adequate continuance of the British race† (quoted from Smith, 1990) Here it is important to note the use of language, particularly ‘ vital work’; it is reinforcing child rearing as an occupation itself, as it was considered pre-war. This is perhaps an attempt to appeal to independently employed women, putting the home and the workplace on even ground. 3. Political Action 3.1 The Suffrage Movement The enfranchisement of women was its own battle, one being fought for many years prior to WWI’s outbreak. The Suffrage Movement had an undeniable impact because of its success in merely raising the idea that women should be allowed to vote. The key impact of the war was the disruption and pacification of the WSPU Party. This allowed the more‘ civilized’ NUWSS to lead negotiations of suffrage, and reluctantly accept the first steps of suffrage on a limited basis, hoping it would open the possibility for future full suffrage; â€Å"we should greatly prefer an imperfect scheme that can pass† (Fawcett, quoted in Pugh, 1977). It should be noted though, that during the war years Suffrage activity disintegrates. 3.2 The 1918 Election 1918 was to be an election year, meaning the compilation of a new electoral register, to include soldiers, opening up the pre-war reform debate, only this time on the politician’s terms, given the decrease in suffragette pressure. It is the effects of this initial limited reform that contributes to the further 1928 Act. The simple fact those who vote in 1918 do so in a competent and organized manner, as well as political help women’s organizations offered during the election campaign legitimized the campaign for further suffrage to be re-considered by government. Over time, the membership and hierarchy of the major parties change, allowing some of the pro-suffrage politicians to take on more decisive roles, and continue to push the issue. (Close, 1977). 3.3 The Labour Party Another important political factor for the plight of women was the growth of the Labour Party. Their 1923 manifesto claimed: â€Å"Labour stands for equality between men and women: equal political and legal rights, equal right and privileges in parenthood, equal pay for equal work† (quoted from Time and Tide magazine, 1924) Being a party rooted in socialist ideology they saw equal voting among the genders and classes as integral to the political system. Understandably, given the period, this was seen as a radical attitude, but their election successes meant that women had one less political party to convince, and an increasingly powerful ally. After their 1924 election win, not appearing as revolutionary as many feared they would further legitimized their ideological stand point, and allowed them to begin the debate of reform promised in their manifesto, thus restarting the gears of the full suffrage debate. 4. Conclusion Whilst war can be seen as a catalyst, it is not the catalyst for reform; instead I think there are several integral factors that intertwine in the period to allow reform. Given the horrors of the wars, it is not hard to understand why people have used it almost as a scapegoat for reform; this way, something positive can be seen to have risen from the ashes of terror. The treatment employed women faced, such as lower pay, in indicative of an unequal attitude towards them, and the continued inequality during the intervening years and WWII does not indicate a wide shift in attitudes . Similarly, if the right to vote was a reward for work undertaken in WWI, surely it would have been extended to all women involved, rather than a section. This mistakenly ignores the extensive efforts of organizations like the NUWSS and the Primrose League, whose intelligent campaigning undermines preconceptions about women’s emotional capabilities, and gives men political equals to consort with on their own ideological terms and see the similarities in opinion they both hold. The inclusion of the socialist Labour Party in the Commons ensures that reform has at least one consistent political ally. Pragmatically, the need for a new electoral register in 1916 allows the limited female vote to be added on without the need for its own Bill, which many find easier to stomach. If there were a marked social change though, surely it would be shown in data collected from the period, such as the ‘Wartime Social Survey’. The picture presented of female attitudes to employment is of a â€Å"temporary response to an abnormal situation† (Smith, 1990). Interviews with women of the period reinforce this idea, showing how, despite higher legal equality, old perceptions are still rife, and leads one to pessimistically conclude that psychological changes weren’t as great; â€Å"Of course when we get married I shan’t want to work; I shall want to stay at home and have some children. You can’t look on anything you do during the war as what you really mean to do; it’s just filling in time till you can live your own life again† (quoted in Smith, 1990). Bibliography Archdale, Helen â€Å"Editorial† Time and Tide, January 25, 1924 Bartley, Paula â€Å"Votes for Women, 1860-1928†,London, Hodder Murray,1998 Calkins, Susanna â€Å"Women in Service during World War I† Women and War: A Historical Encyclopedia from Antiquity to the Present. 2006, pp 237-241 Calkins, Susanna â€Å"Women on the Home Front† Women and War: A Historical Enccylopedia from Antiquity to Present. 2006, pp 246-248 Close, David â€Å"The Collapse of Resistance to Democracy: Conservatives, Adult Suffrage and Second Chamber Reform, 1911-1928†, The Historical Journal, Issue 20, pp 893-918, 1977 Donelly, Mark â€Å"Britainin the Second World War†,Oxford, Routledge, 1999 Doerr, Paul â€Å"Women in Service during WWII†. Woman and War: A Historical Encylopedia from Antiquity to the Present. 2006, pp 241-244 Goldstein, Joshua S. â€Å"War and Gender: How Gender Shapes the War System and Vise Versa†,Cambridge,CambridgeUniversityPress, 2001 McMillan, James F. â€Å"The Coming of Women’s Suffrage, 1914-1945† [Online] http://www.keele.ac.uk/history/currentundergraduates/tltp/SUFFRAGE/COREDOCS/COREDOC3.HTM Date unknown Martin, Sara â€Å"Women and WWI-Women in the Workforce: Temporary Men† [Online] http://www.firstworldwar.com/features/womenww1_four.htm August 22, 2009 Marwick, Arthur â€Å"Women at War 1914-1918†,London, Croom Helm, 1977 Pugh, Martin D. â€Å"Politicians and the Women’s Vote, 1914-1918†, History, Vol. 59, Issue 197, pp 358-374, Oct 1974 Schwarz, Marc L. â€Å"Social Impact of World War I on Women†. Women and War: A Historical Encylopedia from Antiquity to the Present. 2006, pp 235-236 Smith, Harold L. â€Å"War and Social Change: British Society in the Second World War† Manchester,ManchesterUniversityPress, 1990 How to cite Women Enfranchisement and the World Wars, Essay examples

Human Resource Management Sternberg’s Theory

Question: Discuss about the Human Resource Management Sternbergs Theory. Answer: Examining the Sternbergs Theory According to Sternbergs intelligence behaviour can be developed in several ways such as by absorbing to the existing environment, by changing the environment or by opting for a new environment. It means that Sternberg is asking of an absolute quality of professional that the workers or the management needs to attain in order to attain the intelligence. Furthermore, workers can become intelligent in their work or different parts of life if they have absorbing nature to the surrounding workplace. Sternbergs states the importance of balance behaviour in between the creativity and the physical abilities. This is perhaps not possible to some extent as changing the existing environment is a long challenging process that requires certain output from the management and the higher authorities of the organizations. This is one of the toughest challenges, which one can expect in an organization (Hendry, 2012). For an example, if someone is appointed as a backend specialist and is expected to take part in all the backend operation, it is feasible to stick with the aligned responsibilities. However, due to the increased urgency because of the added work demand from the particular organization, the particular backend specialist is asked to attain some other department of the organization in order to fill the gaps created by the shortages of labor. The appointed worker might well also handle the demanded challenges in some other than the allocated department but the perfection of the work is in doubt. Moreover, shortages of relevant skills and interest level of the employee for the assigned task might hamper the organization because of shortcomings in the performance output (Brewster, Mayrhofer Morley, 2016). Figure 1: Sternberg's Triarchic Theory Source: (Bratton Gold, 2012) Own Perspective The learner is more in favour of the first part of the Sternbergs triarchic theory of intelligence, which states the absorbing nature to the working environment. The absorbing nature of an employee to the odd working environment creates the intelligence nature in him (Storey, 2014). An absorbing nature to the irrespective kinds of allocated jobs is a resource to the production of creative ideas into workers. It happens because of the fact that tasks other than the expertise require certain think-tank on it before proceeding further with the assigned task. The thinking behind the completion of the task attracts the imaginative ideas into the targeted employee as the one is induced with utmost desire to perform the same level of performance in other than his skills. This is an undeniable fact that employee who is induced with utmost dedication towards his or her job and the organizational values can only respond to the created urgency in the organization. It does not only benefit the e mployee by enhancing his or her credibility and diversity with different kinds of skills but it also most importantly provide solution to such an organization, which has a deficit of manpower. Moreover, this can be referred to intelligence behaviour, as it is encouraging to act according to the situation (Sparrow, Brewster Chung, 2016). Two examples as supportive arguments First Example Employees working in a target oriented work zone are very much susceptive to opt for a job drop and search a new one. However, within the same environment, some of the employees do become a strong absorber of the work nature. The similar target pressure then does not discourage them any further. This is one of such examples, which illustrates an absorbing nature with respect to the odd nature of workplace. Second Example Employees those who works as labours, they actually represent an absorbing nature to the difficult workplace. They do so just for the sake of their financial needs. However, it is their will power also, which helps them holding their nerves in tough situations. Nevertheless, dedication and desire are the two important characteristic that provides firm supports against the odd and tough situations. Characteristics of high performing organizations Follow are some of the characteristics of high performing organizations (Budhwar Debrah, 2013): Clear vision and set goals Committed to perform the best Availability of the capable management process for the required changes Learning culture at the organizational level Smooth communication at the organizational level Organization that has clear vision and goals are more susceptive to the required output in the performance. Moreover, a commitment to perform the best and the availability of a capable management process to bring into the required changes are a source to utmost performance output. This can well be understood by looking into the growth process of the Samsung Smartphone Industry that had created a revelation with its Samsung galaxy series phones. It was never the same story before the 2012 period but everything got transformed into not less than a miracle when the same Company astonishingly outplayed the leading brand Nokia in mobile phones. Samsung then attained the top position, which was just the reflection of sheer potential of the change management process in the Company (Wilton, 2016). Characteristics of Bergers talent strategy Berger has postulated the following talent strategies for the organizational excellence (Hendry, 2012): To be an excellent organization, it needs to have culture for driving the excellence, encouragement for the innovative ideas, promotion for a teamwork HRM needs to be target and organizational goal oriented HRM needs to revolve around several strategy model to implement it into the practice A talent plan needs approval from the management and guidance from one of the team members of the HRM To have flexibility in aligning staffs to different new roles Figure 2: Berger's Talent Strategy Source: (Storey, 2014) The above picture shows the Bergers Talent Strategy, which speak about certain strategies that can transform an organization into the top performing Company of the relevant industry. The theory speak about the sheer quality of a HRM, which can transform impossible things into possible. Moreover, to attain the same level of HRM into an organization, the particular HRM needs to have certain qualities that are of utmost requirement to the situation concerned. The HRM needs to focus on incepting a maximum number of potential employees into organization to enhance its manpower. It does bring numerous benefits and adds values to the organizational performance by inducing sufficient skills into relevant requirement. The HRM is required to be flexible with the changing requirement and demand of situation as this is helpful in realizing the necessity of incepting the relevant skills to the created urgency (Aswathappa, 2013). Key positions in the learners Company Following are the key positions in the learners organizations: Operation Managers Assistant managers Supervisors Assistant Supervisors HRM IT team Replacements for the position All the position cannot be altered as some of the designations do require an expertise knowledge. However, Operation Managers and Assistant Managers are interchangeable if there is such requirement for the business. On a same note, Supervisors and Assistant Supervisors are interchangeable. Nevertheless, internal change management can never provide solutions to the HRM and the IT team. However, Succession Planning can help in overcoming the issues, which would arise after the removal of ageing workforce. It aims to develop the leaders, which could fill the gaps created by the departure of the ageing workforce because of their retirement or any other reasons (Hendry, 2012). References Aswathappa, K. (2013).Human resource management: Text and cases. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Bratton, J., Gold, J. (2012).Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Brewster, C., Mayrhofer, W., Morley, M. (Eds.). (2016).New Challenges for European Resource Management. Springer. Budhwar, P. S., Debrah, Y. A. (Eds.). (2013).Human resource management in developing countries. Routledge. Hendry, C. (2012).Human resource management. Routledge. Sparrow, P., Brewster, C., Chung, C. (2016).Globalizing human resource management. Routledge. Storey, J. (2014).New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. Wilton, N. (2016).An introduction to human resource management. Sage.