A clockwork orange comparison of book and film Essay Example

A perfect timing orange correlation of book and film Essay Example A perfect timing orange correlation of book and film Essay A perfect timing orange correlation of book and film Essay A Clockwork Orange is a dyspepsia nightmarish dream of a not so distant future England, where young law breakers disregard the fairly standing laws of society, and assume responsibility for the roads after dim. The books primary character, multi year old Alex, and his three slobbers, happen on the whole night demonstrations of arbitrary viciousness and all out pulverization. This dull picture Burgess has introduced to the peruser depicts his perspective on what he accepted would be a possibly acknowledgment of what could occur in a circumstance where youngsters become covetous, autonomous savages whom accept fun s causing confusion and frenzy and dispensing merciless harm to others without thought. One of the significant likenesses between Anthony Burgesss contemporary novel and Stanley Kickbacks film of A Clockwork Orange is the translation of what the genuine significance of a perfect timing orange is, which is significant on the grounds that it is the reason for the whole story. In A Clockwork Orange, Alex is just a perfect timing orange, something mechanical that seems natural. By this I imply that despite the fact that Alex is human, and fit to state and think whatever he picks, he can't, for in certainty he is looking at utilized like a machine by the administration, doing whatever they want with him. From the likeness between the translation of what the genuine significance of a perfect timing orange in both Anthony Burgesss contemporary novel and Stanley Kickbacks film of A Clockwork Orange comes the distinction in how the administration demonstrates Alex to resemble a precision orange, in the wake of having just finished the Ludicrous Technique. In Anthony Burgesss epic, they demonstrate Alex to resemble a precision orange by indicating him certain abnormal pictures and asking him what he felt. In Stanley Kickbacks exceptional film, they demonstrated Alex to resemble a perfect timing orange by putting him on a phase with on-screen characters and introd ucing it before the significant individuals from the administration. It would be ideal if you I should accomplish something. Will I clean your boots Look, Ill get down and lick them. (The film) This following entry is the thing that Alex said in Stanley Kickbacks film in the wake of having been kicked on the Guiltier by the on-screen characters boot, which exhibits Ales mechanical change into a perfect timing orange. In contrast to the novel, the film was totally extraordinary in the second experience with the man whose spouse had been assaulted and killed by Alex and his skins. The man, having been beaten so gravely in the primary experience, was presently in a wheelchair, and joined by an enormous, resilient man whom helped F. Alexander do the things that he was unable to do in a wheelchair. Likewise, while Alex is offered a hot shower, he sang the melody Singing in the Rain, which he had sung during the main experience with F. Alexander. Having sung this tune, the man without a moment's delay perceived and understood that Alex had been one of the gangsters that were there on the night he had been beaten, and his better half assaulted. Additionally, having acknowledged after the shower that Alex was expansible for his wifes demise, he sedated Ales drink rendering him incapable to liable for having attempted to slaughter Alex by driving him to franticness to Jump out of the window. Another comparability in both Anthony Burgesss tale and the film of A Clockwork Orange is the utilization of the naiads language. The naiads language, which is jargon of the young people later on, (this is basically what might be compared to slang today), is imperative to be in both the book and film in light of the fact that the language shows the contrast between the fierce youngsters and the scholarly privileged of this astigmatism future. Anthony Burgesss contemporary novel, A Clockwork Orange, and Stanley Kickbacks remarkable film, A Clockwork Orange, have numerous significant similitudes and contrasts. These similitudes and contrasts, nonetheless, help to shape and adjust the film in a manner which shows an alternate perspective on the dyspepsia future. The book and the film both make and task a similar message into the peruser or crowds head, which is the thing that will the world resemble later on and in any chance will it at last end up like Anthony Burgess depicted.

Marital Paradigm Essay

I experienced childhood in a joint family in India, which had 3 hitched couple and their children. Conjugal connections that I found in my family were not incredible but rather not terrible either. All the men used to work in the privately-owned company and the ladies used to deal with the youngsters and the house. Ordinarily my folks used to battle and my father used to shout at my mother, yet my mother never had the guts to express anything to him. I generally observed that my mother was terrified of him and I used to address myself why doesn’t she answer back. What's more, being a young lady myself I used to feel that most likely young ladies cannot utter a word when theirs better half are shouting at them. I used to converse with my mother and reveal to her why cant she answer back, yet I never truly found a solution. I generally considered my to be as the more fragile one in the relationship. Then again we had a family companion and both spouse wife used to fill in as school educators. In their home the spouse never shouted at the wife, I am certain they had clashes yet you could thoroughly observe the regard that he provided for his significant other. At the point when I grew somewhat more seasoned my mother began disclosing to me how she felt. That was the point at which she revealed to me that she was a housewife and my father was the person who earned in the family and consequently he could talk like that to my mother. My father consistently ruled her as he is the man of the family and is the one liable for all the choices of the family. What's more, this was not just my folks I 4saw this pattern all through my family with the other two couples too. Certain suspicions that I found in the connections were that regardless of whether it was my dad’s deficiency, my mother consistently must be the first to apologize. Likewise since my mother is eight years more youthful than my father I saw that my father didn’t truly get her and underestimated her on occasion. Bring the more established one he attempted to force certain things on her. I additionally observed that on the off chance that I attempted to quiet down my father he didn’t like it as I was a youngster and I ought not be engaged with their issues. This preparation has had a ton of effect on my connections. As I generally observed my mother being overwhelmed by my father, I didn’t need that to occur with me. At the point when I grew up I had certain things clear in my brain. I needed to be taught enough with the goal that I can procure myself and have a great job, so I never subject to my significant other for anything. Therefore I came to USA and chose to concentrate here. In my past connections, I made it clear to my artners that my profession is a higher priority than anything in my life and I wouldn’t leave it for anybody. I was likewise exceptionally clear about anybody shouting at me. Since I saw my mother continually being shouted at and I generally abhorred it. Likewise I have certain things straight for my future. I need my significant other to comprehend that I won't quit working and be a housewife, with the goal that later I need to reliant on him. I need him to regard my choices and me. Commonly I have seen that the ladies of the house are not approached to contribute in family matters, and I believe that isn't directly in any way. So I need to have a relationship where we both contribute in the family matters and arrive at a resolution together. I am not yet hitched however I think the things I have at the top of the priority list for my conjugal relationship are clear. As indicated by the book ladies despite everything do two-third of the family work. I think on the off chance that ladies can acquire like men do, at that point men should work a similar like ladies. I think my concept of marriage depends on a basic guideline, which is to give the measure of resect you get. What's more, I think it is truly sound provided that two individuals can't regard each other for what they are then they can't be together for long. In addition I have been instructed marriage isn't just around two individuals, however it is around two families that social affair. What's more, I anticipate that my better half should regard and coexist with my family just like the lone youngster I think my folks are my duty and will consistently be. Subsequently whoever weds me needs to comprehend the significance of my folks throughout my life, and then again I need to be alright with his family as well. I additionally feel that on occasion young ladies will in general be too tenacious with their accomplices, and I believe that is one motivation behind why folks get disturbed. In this manner I might want to offer space to my significant other when he needs and anticipate the equivalent from him. A few people may feel this is being moronic however I know I wouldn’t like if my significant other gets over defensive about me, and a similar way I don’t need to be over defensive about him. I know it’s difficult to be with an individual like me who is over aggressive. What's more, now and again it very well may be an issue for folks to see the young lady such a great amount into her work, and for me my vocation has consistently been a higher priority than anything. I figure this can be an issue when I get hitched, on the grounds that now and again it has been an issue for my beaus to comprehend my energy about my work. This is something I need to take a shot at as the vast majority of the occasions folks don’t get this. Additionally I like friend marriage as in a marriage where the two individuals regard each other similarly and see each other’s different preferences it gets simpler to be together. As indicated by the book unwaveringness is the main explanation behind conjugal achievement. What's more, I absolutely concur with this, regardless of whether the physical connection between two individuals isn't all that great, on the off chance that the two of them are dedicated to one another nothing can isolate them. My folks have trained me to be loyal as well as have seen this in their relationship. Despite the fact that my dad was ruling my mom, they are still attached. This is on the grounds that nobody of them was unfaithful to the next. Likewise I think from a couple of years the battles between my folks decreased I think this happened in light of the fact that they saw that I am an adult now and this may influence my musings about marriage. Youngsters are an integral motivation behind why two individuals remain together regardless of whether they don’t need to. Yet, I think that’s not right. I don’t need my better half to be with me in light of our youngsters, on the grounds that that’s helping out to our relationship. I might want us to be together in light of the fact that we make each other cheerful not in light of a third explanation. I am raised in a culture where non-conjugal sex isn't acknowledged. What's more, these qualities are implanted inside me. I know now a days young ladies have intercourse when they are 14 years old, however I am 21 years of age and I am as yet a virgin. Being in USA and telling your sweetheart that you wont have intercourse with him in view of your way of life isn't simple. Ordinarily individuals judge my convictions yet that has not influenced me by any stretch of the imagination. I need my significant other to regard my convictions and comprehend what I am accustomed to. Since for me a relationship isn't just about getting physical, there is significantly more to it, and what I have heard and seen around me is that folks just need to get physical. I know as indicated by the book sex is the second motivation behind why relationships work. Be that as it may, for me it isn't. I am not against sex by any stretch of the imagination, however I don’t need my union with be reliant on it. Book discusses homogamous marriage, which is a kind of marriage wherein life partners share their race, ethnicity, age, or social class. Fundamentally a marriage where the two individuals share something practically speaking. Clearly my folks need me to get hitched to a person from a similar rank and I concur with them. Since I think if the person knows about my religion, my station, and my general public there is better difference in comprehension between the two of us. Basically I need a marriage where we both can share our satisfaction, and issues with one another with no issue. A relationship where I get a similar regard that I provide for the other individual.

Global Warming And Malaria Example

Global Warming And Malaria Example Global Warming And Malaria â€" Article Example > Globalwarming and malariaContentsENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGESENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGYGlobal WarmingMalariaAbstractIntroductionData CollectionData AnalysisResultsDiscussionConclusionReferences1) Identification of possible climate change scenarios and effect on parameters such as rainfall and temperature. ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES The earth is the only living and breathing planet in our solar system. The life of fauna and flora as well the future of the human race would depend upon its health. However, rapid advancements in sciences, industry and nuclear armaments have led to considerable changes in the environment of this beautiful planet. There are many contributing factors that lead to ecological imbalances and environmental degradation. The major causes have been appended as follows: (A) Depletion of Forests The food chain depends upon the vegetation of the earth. Forests are an integral part of the vegetation. Man has cut down the vast forest reserves in the name of industrialisation and rapid urbanisation. Moreover the rural masses depend upon wood from the forests to keep their kitchen fires alive. The loss of forest cover has resulted in an unstable rain fall pattern. There is a reduction in annual rainfall in those areas where forest covers have been depleted. For example, poor or only moderate rain in the National Capital Region during June-September 1999, amply demonstrate that our rainfall patterns are no longer norm as they were a decade ago. Imbalance of proper supply of oxygen adversely affected all the living organisms. Air pollution has increased. Forest covers minimise soil erosion during floods and are also, a natural habitat for wild life. With the reduction in their size, the fertile land as well as wild life has been seriously affected. Several wild life species, like Dodo, have become extinct. The temperature in the forest covers has increased at an alarming rate. If afforestation measures are not taken around the globe, the posterity may hav e to pay heavily in terms of the costs of environmental degradation. (B) Ozone layer Ozone layer surrounds the atmosphere of the earth and protects us from harmful solar radiations. It also protects the earth from over- heating. However, Chloro Flouro Carbons (CFCs), Carbon Monoxide and other gases rise up in the atmosphere and form compounds with Ozone gas. Thus density of Ozone gas is reduced above the surface of the earth in the upper atmosphere. This phenomenon is termed asOzone Hole. This hole allows the harmful ultraviolet rays to pierce through the atmosphere and fall on to the surface of the earth. The earth gets heated up and the living beings are also exposed to these rays. If these unhealthy trends continued, then polar ice caps would melt which would eventually raise the ocean levels. (C)Floods Due to melting of the polar ice caps, the ocean levels would rise. So, low levels areas of the earth would be submerged. There would be small land left for us. For example, low lying areas would be submerged first due to the melting of polar ice caps. (D) Earthquakes If the poles of the earth get heated up due to Ozone holes, the ice would melt and would flow into the oceans. This would result in dangerous imbalances. So, the axis of the earth would shift. This could result in earthquakes. This natural disaster has already affected many nations; India, Iran, Mexico, the USA and China are examples;

Comparing Karl Marx And The Mill Mill On Their...

This essay compares and contrasts Karl Marx and J.S. Mill on their understandings of freedom and their analyses of the impediments to its realization. Both Marx and Mill agree that human beings are capable of making progress and that the concept of freedom is an end in itself. Thus, they saw freedom as a means to realise individual potential and self-determination. However, both differ on the concept of freedom realisation and the impediments to freedom. Mill argues that the impediment to freedom is the masculine society while Marx argues that the impediment to freedom is the bourgeoisie. Furthermore, the essay discusses the intervention by state/society into freedom. Mill assert that the society can interfere into someone’s freedom when there is harm done to others. For Mill freedom should be exercised as long as there is no harm done to others while Marx supports the freedom to overthrow the bourgeoisie . On the other hand, Marx views hold that the go vernment/ society should intervene in individual freedom to avoid individuality that leads to private property and hence creating classes. Both Marx and Mill see freedom as an end in itself. According to Marx’s definition of freedom, was viewed as an end in itself. â€Å"Only in community has each individual the means of cultivating his gifts in all directions; only in the community, therefore, is personal freedom possible. In the previous substitutes for the community, in the State, etc. personalShow MoreRelatedEssay about Capitalism in Marx and Weber3426 Words   |  14 PagesThe Concept Of Capitalism In Marx And Weber; What Is The Contemporary Relevance Of Their Ideas? Introduction: At the later nineteenth century many social and economical ideas were developed because of the past revolutions and the present conflict of individuals and organised assemblies. 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Their most enduring influence, however, has been on sociology, (with the exception of Marx, who is a central figure in the field ofRead MoreTheories of Organizational Behavior10512 Words   |  43 Pagespurposes. * The employees feel that their actions will be consistent with the needs and desires of the other employees. * The employees feel that they are mentally and physically able to carry out the order. Barnard s sympathy for and understanding of employee needs positioned him as a bridge to the behavioral school of management, the next school of thought to emerge. Relevance Today Having given a brief introduction, it would be pertinent to look at the current status, impact, relevanceRead MoreExistentialism vs Essentialism23287 Words   |  94 Pagesunderstands his own existence in terms of his experience of himself and his situation. The self of which he is aware is a thinking being which has beliefs, hopes, fears, desires, the need to find a purpose, and a will that can determine his actions. Understanding  existentialism  is often difficult, often because its ideas conflict with other major trends in the thought of western and eastern philosophies alike. Many people consider existentialism to be a dark and pessimistic philosophy, void of hope. HoweverRead MoreCollective Behavior11901 Words   |  48 Pages Supporters and opponents of abortion take to the streets daily. Mexico City searches for answers to a gas explosion that leveled a 40 square block area. The number of men wearing pony tails and one earring and the number of people saying and understanding yo, dude seems to be increasing. These diverse actions fall within the area sociologists call collective behavior. Some fields in sociology are relatively easy to define and their meaning can be grasped immediately, e.g. the family, devianceRead MoreCollective Behavior11916 Words   |  48 Pages Supporters and opponents of abortion take to the streets daily. Mexico City searches for answers to a gas explosion that leveled a 40 square block area. The number of men wearing pony tails and one earring and the number of people saying and understanding yo, dude seems to be increasing. These diverse actions fall within the area sociologists call collective behavior. Some fields in sociology are relatively easy to define and their meaning can be grasped immediately, e.g. the family, devianceRead MoreInvestment and Economic Moats46074 Words   |  185 Pages1980, offers readers a fundamental understanding of how to get rich using the best in growth investing strategies. Filled with in-depth insights and practical advice, The Little Book That Makes You Rich outlines an effective approach to building true wealth in today’s markets. The Little Book That Builds Wealth, where Pat Dorsey, director of stock research for leading independent investment research provider Morningstar, Inc., guides the reader in understanding â€Å"economic moats,† learning howRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesorganization theory the book increases the understanding of a field that in recent years has become ever more fragmented. Organization theory is central to managing, organizing and reflecting on both formal and informal structures, and in this respect you will find this book timely, interesting and valuable. Peter Holdt Christensen, Associate Professor, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark McAuley et al.’s book is thought-provoking, witty and highly relevant for understanding contemporary organizational dilemmas

Flannery OConnor and Her Works - 913 Words

Flannery O’Connor â€Å"I am a writer because writing is what I do best,† Known for her unique collection of short stories, Flannery O’Connor had a major impact on the writing industry during the 20th century. She is still to this day considered one of the most famous American authors. She very well shows that your life really impacts your writing technique, and tone of writing. She was born March 3rd, 1925. O’Connor was raised by two very Catholic parents in Savanna, Georgia. Her father, Edward Francis O’Connor, worked as a real estate agent and was a World War II veteran. O’Connors mother, Regina Lucille O’Connor, was a very social woman and a stay at home mother. O’Connor was the only child of Edward and Regina, and was always a different type of girl. She was that type of girl who would always be alone on the playground during recess, talking to herself. She didnt have many friends, her only â€Å"friends† were her chickens, who she would knit clothes for. She had an interest of fowls, especially with oddities. When O’Connor was 12, her father took a position with the American Legion Post of Georgia and spent most of his time traveling. Edward was traveling so much that he and the family started to neglect financial obligations, and ended up having to move to Milledgeville. A few years later, when O’Connor was 15, her father died at age 45 from Lupus. O’Connors father was always on the road, so he was hardly at home. With him always gone and then his passing, it was clear thatShow MoreRelatedMary Flannery OConnor: One of the Best Short Story Writers of Her Day684 Words   |  3 Pageswriters of her day, Mary Flannery O’Connor was a brilliant writer, and still is, highly acclaimed. Her unique style of writing has a large part in her continued popularity. Ann Garbett states,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦O’Connor combined religious themes from her Roman Catholic vision with a comically realist character from the rural Protestant south to create a fiction that is simultaneou sly serious and comic† (1910). Mary O’Connor Flannery was an extremely talented young author who experienced hardships throughout her shortRead MoreFlannery OConnor: A Brief Biography842 Words   |  3 Pageswriter to worry is to take over Gods business.† (O’Connor). This statement is encouraging to all believers in God, knowing that it is coming from a fellow Catholic like Flannery O’Connor. O’Connor is associated with the Christian Realism movement, which is a logical view developed by a theologian, Reinhold Niebuhr, who argued that the Kingdom of God cannot be realized on earth because of the naturally corrupt trends of society (â€Å"Flannery O’Connor†). This movement began in the late 1940’s and alongRead More Flannery OConnors A Good Man is Hard To Find Essay1144 Words   |  5 PagesFlannery O’Connor’s A Good Man Is Hard to Find is one of the most well-known short stories in American history. A Good Man Is Hard to Find is a disturbing short story that exemplifies grace in extremity as well as the threat of an intruder. The story tells of an elderly grandmother and her family who embark on a road trip to Florida. The grandmother is a stubborn old woman with a low sense of morality. While on the trip, the grandmother convinces her son to take a detour which results in a brokenRead More Flannery Oconnor1301 Words   |  6 Pageson how the world was dealing with the changes. Flannery O’Connor, a prominent Catholic writer from the South, was one of the many who examined society and shared their philosophies. O’Connor shocked her twentieth century readers with the haunting style and piercing questions in her short stories and novels, which were centered on a combination of her life experiences, her deep Catholic faith, and the literature of the time. Mary Flannery O’Connor was born in Savannah, Georgia in 1925 into one ofRead More Flannery OConnor: A Twentieth Century Fiction Writer Essay829 Words   |  4 Pageswritten about Flannery OConnors short stories and novels. There is a significant amount critical analysis about Flannery OConnor because she used so many styles that have not been used before. Flannery OConnor ranks among he most important American fiction writers of the twentieth century. Flannery OConnor was born in 1925 in Savannah, Georgia, and lived there until her family moved in 1938. OConnor and her family moved to a small Georgia farming town named Milledgeville. 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As a Roman Catholic in the Protestant-majority South, she was often confronted with the differences be tween the surroundings and herself, a theme that often comes up in her writing. O’ConnorRead MoreThe Life Of Flannery OConnor Essay1099 Words   |  5 Pagesit plays a major role. The life of Flannery O’Connor is no exception to this. The great Catholic lifestyle of her parents helped persuade her writing of, â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find.† Flannery O’Connor is regarded as one of the greatest supporters of Roman Catholic writings in the twentieth century. O’Connor was born in Savannah on March 25th, 1925 and her parents were very devout Catholics. She was raised to always live the Catholic lifestyle. O’Connor was educated at a local parochial schoolRead MoreFlannery O Connor Is Considered One Of The Most Successful Writer979 Words   |  4 PagesMary Flannery O’Connor is considered one of the most successful short story writers in history. She composed her works during a period of prosperity and economic boom following World War II. Although the economy was thriving, the 1950’s were a period of struggle for women’s rights, as well as other minorities. (Digital History) Based on her success, one could conclude O’Connor exceeded all barriers against women during the fifties. Flannery O’Connor’s life experiences based on her faith, her novelsRead MoreSymb olization in the Good Country People by Flannery OConnor1223 Words   |  5 Pagesshort story written by Flannery O’Connor in the mid 50’s. The story takes place on farm in Georgia that Mrs. Hopewell owns. Flannery O’Connor uses the characters names and personalities to symbolize that they aren’t really who they think they are. The protagonist Joy-Hulga has a heart condition which and a peg leg. Her heat condition and disability reflects that she is a broken and weak person on the inside. Mrs. Hopewell is Joy-Hulga’s mother, she is very hopeful that her daughter would be something

Women Enfranchisement and the World Wars Free Essays

Abstract This essay is a short compilation of research into the reasons for the enfranchisement and supposed ‘ regendering’ of women during the years 1914 and 1945, to determine how much it was due to the actions of women during the two world wars. Historical discussion of the impact of the wars, particularly the First World War, tends to fall into two camps; the first see enfranchisement as a reward for â€Å"services rendered† during the war years (Marwick, 1974). The opposing side sees it as a consequence of the political maneuverings of the time; the need for electoral reform with respect to soldiers, changes in the make up of parliament and women’s political groups (Bartley, 1998). We will write a custom essay sample on Women Enfranchisement and the World Wars or any similar topic only for you Order Now This enfranchisement is often linked to a wider social change in the attitudes of women, to them starting to climb out of the domestic sphere, as well as a re-evaluation of how they perceive themselves within society, although the extent to which this occurs is, for me, a key question to raise here. 1. Introduction War bears little regard for tradition or morality. Traditional gender boundaries find themselves in a state of suspended animation in these times; men are suddenly turned from fathers to killers, women from housewives to TNT-stained laborers, and it is the war’s effects on the latter gender, with particular reference to their political rights, that will be discussed here. 2. The Wars 2.1 World War I It is not hard to see why the idea of enfranchisement as a ‘reward’ is propounded. In WWI women found themselves thrust into difficult employment like the munitionettesor army nurses. This meant that women were often doing jobs previously filled by men, blurring the enforced boundaries between them, and unraveling previous arguments for segregation. However, they were paid less than male counterparts (although any pay was particularly important for those who had lost their partner’s wage to the war). The women that were enfranchised in the 1918 Act were limited to those over 30, which left out a majority of younger women involved in war work. Surely, if the vote was a reward, it would have been handed to all of those deserving it rather than just a small sliver? 2.2 World War II The use of bombing by German military in WWII meant that homes were ensnared in the conflict, it‘ trampled roughshod through the women’s sphere, the home’ (Calder, 1969). Female conscription was introduced in 1941, increasing the ‘ dual burden’ of having to run a home whilst employed, which won them applause in the press and political speeches. They were drafted in to a wider variety of military occupations, often working alongside men. After 1945 though many women left their employment, and government policy pushed a reversion to the family, a pattern also seen in 1918. This correlation implies very little real change. This prevailing family emphasis, particularly for married women, is epitomized in the Beveridge Report; â€Å" The attitude of the housewife to gainful employment outside the home is not and should not be the same as the single woman†¦. housewives and mothers have vital work to do in ensuring the adequate continuance of the British race† (quoted from Smith, 1990) Here it is important to note the use of language, particularly ‘ vital work’; it is reinforcing child rearing as an occupation itself, as it was considered pre-war. This is perhaps an attempt to appeal to independently employed women, putting the home and the workplace on even ground. 3. Political Action 3.1 The Suffrage Movement The enfranchisement of women was its own battle, one being fought for many years prior to WWI’s outbreak. The Suffrage Movement had an undeniable impact because of its success in merely raising the idea that women should be allowed to vote. The key impact of the war was the disruption and pacification of the WSPU Party. This allowed the more‘ civilized’ NUWSS to lead negotiations of suffrage, and reluctantly accept the first steps of suffrage on a limited basis, hoping it would open the possibility for future full suffrage; â€Å"we should greatly prefer an imperfect scheme that can pass† (Fawcett, quoted in Pugh, 1977). It should be noted though, that during the war years Suffrage activity disintegrates. 3.2 The 1918 Election 1918 was to be an election year, meaning the compilation of a new electoral register, to include soldiers, opening up the pre-war reform debate, only this time on the politician’s terms, given the decrease in suffragette pressure. It is the effects of this initial limited reform that contributes to the further 1928 Act. The simple fact those who vote in 1918 do so in a competent and organized manner, as well as political help women’s organizations offered during the election campaign legitimized the campaign for further suffrage to be re-considered by government. Over time, the membership and hierarchy of the major parties change, allowing some of the pro-suffrage politicians to take on more decisive roles, and continue to push the issue. (Close, 1977). 3.3 The Labour Party Another important political factor for the plight of women was the growth of the Labour Party. Their 1923 manifesto claimed: â€Å"Labour stands for equality between men and women: equal political and legal rights, equal right and privileges in parenthood, equal pay for equal work† (quoted from Time and Tide magazine, 1924) Being a party rooted in socialist ideology they saw equal voting among the genders and classes as integral to the political system. Understandably, given the period, this was seen as a radical attitude, but their election successes meant that women had one less political party to convince, and an increasingly powerful ally. After their 1924 election win, not appearing as revolutionary as many feared they would further legitimized their ideological stand point, and allowed them to begin the debate of reform promised in their manifesto, thus restarting the gears of the full suffrage debate. 4. Conclusion Whilst war can be seen as a catalyst, it is not the catalyst for reform; instead I think there are several integral factors that intertwine in the period to allow reform. Given the horrors of the wars, it is not hard to understand why people have used it almost as a scapegoat for reform; this way, something positive can be seen to have risen from the ashes of terror. The treatment employed women faced, such as lower pay, in indicative of an unequal attitude towards them, and the continued inequality during the intervening years and WWII does not indicate a wide shift in attitudes . Similarly, if the right to vote was a reward for work undertaken in WWI, surely it would have been extended to all women involved, rather than a section. This mistakenly ignores the extensive efforts of organizations like the NUWSS and the Primrose League, whose intelligent campaigning undermines preconceptions about women’s emotional capabilities, and gives men political equals to consort with on their own ideological terms and see the similarities in opinion they both hold. The inclusion of the socialist Labour Party in the Commons ensures that reform has at least one consistent political ally. Pragmatically, the need for a new electoral register in 1916 allows the limited female vote to be added on without the need for its own Bill, which many find easier to stomach. If there were a marked social change though, surely it would be shown in data collected from the period, such as the ‘Wartime Social Survey’. The picture presented of female attitudes to employment is of a â€Å"temporary response to an abnormal situation† (Smith, 1990). Interviews with women of the period reinforce this idea, showing how, despite higher legal equality, old perceptions are still rife, and leads one to pessimistically conclude that psychological changes weren’t as great; â€Å"Of course when we get married I shan’t want to work; I shall want to stay at home and have some children. You can’t look on anything you do during the war as what you really mean to do; it’s just filling in time till you can live your own life again† (quoted in Smith, 1990). Bibliography Archdale, Helen â€Å"Editorial† Time and Tide, January 25, 1924 Bartley, Paula â€Å"Votes for Women, 1860-1928†,London, Hodder Murray,1998 Calkins, Susanna â€Å"Women in Service during World War I† Women and War: A Historical Encyclopedia from Antiquity to the Present. 2006, pp 237-241 Calkins, Susanna â€Å"Women on the Home Front† Women and War: A Historical Enccylopedia from Antiquity to Present. 2006, pp 246-248 Close, David â€Å"The Collapse of Resistance to Democracy: Conservatives, Adult Suffrage and Second Chamber Reform, 1911-1928†, The Historical Journal, Issue 20, pp 893-918, 1977 Donelly, Mark â€Å"Britainin the Second World War†,Oxford, Routledge, 1999 Doerr, Paul â€Å"Women in Service during WWII†. Woman and War: A Historical Encylopedia from Antiquity to the Present. 2006, pp 241-244 Goldstein, Joshua S. â€Å"War and Gender: How Gender Shapes the War System and Vise Versa†,Cambridge,CambridgeUniversityPress, 2001 McMillan, James F. â€Å"The Coming of Women’s Suffrage, 1914-1945† [Online] http://www.keele.ac.uk/history/currentundergraduates/tltp/SUFFRAGE/COREDOCS/COREDOC3.HTM Date unknown Martin, Sara â€Å"Women and WWI-Women in the Workforce: Temporary Men† [Online] http://www.firstworldwar.com/features/womenww1_four.htm August 22, 2009 Marwick, Arthur â€Å"Women at War 1914-1918†,London, Croom Helm, 1977 Pugh, Martin D. â€Å"Politicians and the Women’s Vote, 1914-1918†, History, Vol. 59, Issue 197, pp 358-374, Oct 1974 Schwarz, Marc L. â€Å"Social Impact of World War I on Women†. Women and War: A Historical Encylopedia from Antiquity to the Present. 2006, pp 235-236 Smith, Harold L. â€Å"War and Social Change: British Society in the Second World War† Manchester,ManchesterUniversityPress, 1990 How to cite Women Enfranchisement and the World Wars, Essay examples

Human Resource Management Sternberg’s Theory

Question: Discuss about the Human Resource Management Sternbergs Theory. Answer: Examining the Sternbergs Theory According to Sternbergs intelligence behaviour can be developed in several ways such as by absorbing to the existing environment, by changing the environment or by opting for a new environment. It means that Sternberg is asking of an absolute quality of professional that the workers or the management needs to attain in order to attain the intelligence. Furthermore, workers can become intelligent in their work or different parts of life if they have absorbing nature to the surrounding workplace. Sternbergs states the importance of balance behaviour in between the creativity and the physical abilities. This is perhaps not possible to some extent as changing the existing environment is a long challenging process that requires certain output from the management and the higher authorities of the organizations. This is one of the toughest challenges, which one can expect in an organization (Hendry, 2012). For an example, if someone is appointed as a backend specialist and is expected to take part in all the backend operation, it is feasible to stick with the aligned responsibilities. However, due to the increased urgency because of the added work demand from the particular organization, the particular backend specialist is asked to attain some other department of the organization in order to fill the gaps created by the shortages of labor. The appointed worker might well also handle the demanded challenges in some other than the allocated department but the perfection of the work is in doubt. Moreover, shortages of relevant skills and interest level of the employee for the assigned task might hamper the organization because of shortcomings in the performance output (Brewster, Mayrhofer Morley, 2016). Figure 1: Sternberg's Triarchic Theory Source: (Bratton Gold, 2012) Own Perspective The learner is more in favour of the first part of the Sternbergs triarchic theory of intelligence, which states the absorbing nature to the working environment. The absorbing nature of an employee to the odd working environment creates the intelligence nature in him (Storey, 2014). An absorbing nature to the irrespective kinds of allocated jobs is a resource to the production of creative ideas into workers. It happens because of the fact that tasks other than the expertise require certain think-tank on it before proceeding further with the assigned task. The thinking behind the completion of the task attracts the imaginative ideas into the targeted employee as the one is induced with utmost desire to perform the same level of performance in other than his skills. This is an undeniable fact that employee who is induced with utmost dedication towards his or her job and the organizational values can only respond to the created urgency in the organization. It does not only benefit the e mployee by enhancing his or her credibility and diversity with different kinds of skills but it also most importantly provide solution to such an organization, which has a deficit of manpower. Moreover, this can be referred to intelligence behaviour, as it is encouraging to act according to the situation (Sparrow, Brewster Chung, 2016). Two examples as supportive arguments First Example Employees working in a target oriented work zone are very much susceptive to opt for a job drop and search a new one. However, within the same environment, some of the employees do become a strong absorber of the work nature. The similar target pressure then does not discourage them any further. This is one of such examples, which illustrates an absorbing nature with respect to the odd nature of workplace. Second Example Employees those who works as labours, they actually represent an absorbing nature to the difficult workplace. They do so just for the sake of their financial needs. However, it is their will power also, which helps them holding their nerves in tough situations. Nevertheless, dedication and desire are the two important characteristic that provides firm supports against the odd and tough situations. Characteristics of high performing organizations Follow are some of the characteristics of high performing organizations (Budhwar Debrah, 2013): Clear vision and set goals Committed to perform the best Availability of the capable management process for the required changes Learning culture at the organizational level Smooth communication at the organizational level Organization that has clear vision and goals are more susceptive to the required output in the performance. Moreover, a commitment to perform the best and the availability of a capable management process to bring into the required changes are a source to utmost performance output. This can well be understood by looking into the growth process of the Samsung Smartphone Industry that had created a revelation with its Samsung galaxy series phones. It was never the same story before the 2012 period but everything got transformed into not less than a miracle when the same Company astonishingly outplayed the leading brand Nokia in mobile phones. Samsung then attained the top position, which was just the reflection of sheer potential of the change management process in the Company (Wilton, 2016). Characteristics of Bergers talent strategy Berger has postulated the following talent strategies for the organizational excellence (Hendry, 2012): To be an excellent organization, it needs to have culture for driving the excellence, encouragement for the innovative ideas, promotion for a teamwork HRM needs to be target and organizational goal oriented HRM needs to revolve around several strategy model to implement it into the practice A talent plan needs approval from the management and guidance from one of the team members of the HRM To have flexibility in aligning staffs to different new roles Figure 2: Berger's Talent Strategy Source: (Storey, 2014) The above picture shows the Bergers Talent Strategy, which speak about certain strategies that can transform an organization into the top performing Company of the relevant industry. The theory speak about the sheer quality of a HRM, which can transform impossible things into possible. Moreover, to attain the same level of HRM into an organization, the particular HRM needs to have certain qualities that are of utmost requirement to the situation concerned. The HRM needs to focus on incepting a maximum number of potential employees into organization to enhance its manpower. It does bring numerous benefits and adds values to the organizational performance by inducing sufficient skills into relevant requirement. The HRM is required to be flexible with the changing requirement and demand of situation as this is helpful in realizing the necessity of incepting the relevant skills to the created urgency (Aswathappa, 2013). Key positions in the learners Company Following are the key positions in the learners organizations: Operation Managers Assistant managers Supervisors Assistant Supervisors HRM IT team Replacements for the position All the position cannot be altered as some of the designations do require an expertise knowledge. However, Operation Managers and Assistant Managers are interchangeable if there is such requirement for the business. On a same note, Supervisors and Assistant Supervisors are interchangeable. Nevertheless, internal change management can never provide solutions to the HRM and the IT team. However, Succession Planning can help in overcoming the issues, which would arise after the removal of ageing workforce. It aims to develop the leaders, which could fill the gaps created by the departure of the ageing workforce because of their retirement or any other reasons (Hendry, 2012). References Aswathappa, K. (2013).Human resource management: Text and cases. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Bratton, J., Gold, J. (2012).Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Brewster, C., Mayrhofer, W., Morley, M. (Eds.). (2016).New Challenges for European Resource Management. Springer. Budhwar, P. S., Debrah, Y. A. (Eds.). (2013).Human resource management in developing countries. Routledge. Hendry, C. (2012).Human resource management. Routledge. Sparrow, P., Brewster, C., Chung, C. (2016).Globalizing human resource management. Routledge. Storey, J. (2014).New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. Wilton, N. (2016).An introduction to human resource management. Sage.

Macbeth Summary

'Macbeth' Summary William Shakespeare’s Macbeth takes place in Scotland in the 11th century AD, and it tells the story of Macbeth, thane of Glamis, and of his ambition to become king. This Shakespearian tragedy is loosely based on historical sources, namely Holinshed’s Chronicles, and there is historical documentation on several characters, including Macbeth, Duncan, and Malcolm. It’s unclear whether the character of Banquo really existed. While the Chronicles depict him as an accomplice to Macbeth’s murderous actions, Shakespeare portrays him as an innocent character. Overall, Macbeth is not known for its historical accuracy, but for the portrayal of the effects of blind ambition in people. Act I Scottish generals Macbeth and Banquo have just defeated the allied forces of Norway and Ireland, which were led by the traitorous Macdonwald. As Macbeth and Banquo wander onto a heath, they are greeted by the Three Witches, who offer them prophecies. Banquo challenges them first, so they address Macbeth: they hail him as Thane of Glamis,† his current title and then Thane of Cawdor, adding that he will also be king. Banquo then asks of his own fortunes, the witches respond enigmatically, saying that he will be less than Macbeth, yet happier, less successful, yet more. Most importantly, they tell him that he will father a line of kings, though he himself will not be one. The witches vanish soon after, and the two men wonder at these pronouncements. Then, however, another thane, Ross, arrives and informs Macbeth that he has been bestowed the title of Thane of Cawdor.  This means that the first prophecy is fulfilled, and Macbeth’s initial skepticism turns into ambition. King Duncan welcomes and praises Macbeth and Banquo, and declares that he will spend the night at Macbeths castle at  Inverness; he also names his son Malcolm as his heir. Macbeth sends a message ahead to his wife, Lady Macbeth, telling her about the witches prophecies. Lady Macbeth unwaveringly wishes for her husband to murder the king so he can usurp the throne, to the point that she answers his objections by casting doubts on his manhood. Eventually, she manages to convince him to kill the king that same night. The two get Duncans two chamberlains drunk so that the next morning they can easily blame the chamberlains for the murder.  Ã‚     Act II   Still plagued by doubts and by hallucinations, including a bloody dagger, Macbeth stabs King Duncan in his sleep. He is so upset that Lady Macbeth has to take charge, and frames Duncans sleeping servants for the murder by placing bloody daggers on them. The following morning, Lennox, a Scottish nobleman, and Macduff, the loyal Thane of Fife, arrive at Inverness, and Macduff is the one who discovers Duncans body. Macbeth murders the guards so they cannot profess their innocence, but claims he did so in a fit of anger over their misdeeds. Duncans sons Malcolm and Donalbain flee to England and Ireland, respectively, fearing they might be targets too, but their flight frames them as suspects. As a consequence, Macbeth assumes the throne as the new King of Scotland as a kinsman of the dead king. On this occasion, Banquo recalls the witches prophecy about how his own descendants would inherit the throne. This makes him suspicious of Macbeth.   Act III Meanwhile Macbeth, who remembers the prophecy concerning Banquo, remains uneasy, so he invites him to a royal banquet, where he discovers that Banquo and his young son, Fleance, will be riding out that night. Suspecting Banquo of being suspicious of him, Macbeth arranges to have him and Fleance murdered by hiring assassins, who succeed in killing Banquo, but not Fleance. This enrages Macbeth, as he fears that his power won’t be safe as long as a heir of Banquo lives.  At a banquet, Macbeth is visited by Banquos ghost who sits in Macbeths place. Macbeth’s reaction startles the guests, as the ghost is only visible to him: they see their king panicking at an empty chair. Lady Macbeth has to tell them that her husband is merely afflicted with a familiar and harmless malady. The ghost departs and returns once more, causing the same riotous anger and fear in Macbeth. This time, Lady Macbeth tells the lords to leave, and they do so.   Act IV   Macbeth pays visits to the witches again in order to learn the truth of their prophecies to him. In response to that, they conjure horrible apparitions: an armored head, which tells him to beware of Macduff;  a bloody child telling him that no one born of a woman will be able to harm him; next, a crowned child holding a tree stating that Macbeth will be safe until Great Birnam Wood comes to Dunsinane Hill. Since all men are born from women and forests cannot move, Macbeth is initially relieved. Macbeth also asks whether Banquos sons will ever reign in Scotland. The witches conjure a procession of eight crowned kings, all similar in appearance to Banquo, the last one carrying a mirror reflecting even more kings: they are all Banquos descendants having acquired kingship in numerous countries. After the witches leave, Macbeth learns that Macduff has fled to England, and so Macbeth orders Macduffs castle be seized, and also sends murderers to slaughter Macduff and his family. Although Macduff is no longer there, Lady Macduff and his family are murdered  Ã‚   Act V   Lady Macbeth becomes overcome with guilt for the crimes she and her husband committed. She has taken to sleepwalking, and after entering the stage holding a candle, she laments the murders of Duncan, Banquo, and Lady Macduff, while also trying to wash off imaginary bloodstains from her hands. In England, Macduff learns of the slaughtering of his own family, and, stricken with grief, vows revenge. Together with Prince Malcolm, Duncans son, who raised an army in England, he rides to Scotland to challenge Macbeths forces against Dunsinane Castle. While encamped in Birnam Wood, the soldiers are ordered to cut down and carry tree limbs to camouflage their numbers. Part of the witches’ prophecy comes true.  Before Macbeths opponents arrive, he learns that Lady Macbeth has killed herself, causing him to sink into despair. He eventually faces Macduff, initially without fear, since he cannot be killed by any man born of woman. Macduff declares that he was from his mothers womb / Untimely rippd (V 8.15–16). The second prophecy is thus fulfilled, and Macbeth is eventually killed and beheaded by Macduff. The order is restored and Malcolm is crowned King of Scotland. As for the Witches’ prophecy concerning Banquo’s descendants, it is true in that James I of England, previously James VI of Scotland, descended from Banquo.

Should the performing arts receive equal treatment with sports essays

Should the performing arts receive equal treatment with sports essays Should the performing arts receive equal as sports? The performing arts have been proven to increase a childs mind. Yet sports keep the mind and body strong. This is a debate that has being going on for the past 20 years. On whether funding should be used to fund sports or the performing arts. People argue for both sides. Today I am arguing for the performing arts. Music education being the right of all children it must be taught in appropriate ways suggested by the geographical cultural and social environment (3). And yes, that is true. Every child should have the write to experience. Every person, in every culture is introduced to some form of music. Whether a person lives in Asia, Africa, Italy, or the USA. That person is introduced to the kind of music in that culture. But scientists have said time after time that Music lessons appear to strengthen the links between brain neutrons and build new spatial reasoning, says psychologist, Frances Rauscher of University of California-Irving. The thought of teaching music in schools did not even begin until the late 1970s. According to Bill Ivey who is the Chairman, National Endowment for the Arts By the late 1970s, we began to realize that along with scientific knowledge and physical fitness, we needed to feed the imagination of students with arts (Ivey, 56). Which says something about the United States. This country is always saying how everything is done for the future of this country, the children. Then, how come the idea of teaching music wasnt thought of till then? But at least the USA decided to mandate that the arts be taught in schools from elementary to high school. Not just in elementary schools or in high schools as electives, but as a comprehensive, sequential curriculum taught by qualified teachers, beginning with pre-school instruction and continuing with required courses for high school graduation...

English 101 the family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

English 101 the family - Essay Example According to Malinowski, the family had fulfilled the universal need and so it is a universal institution. Malinowski was definite then with his view that every family has to have a father (Collier et al 1997). He stated that: "The human infant needs parental protection for a much longer period than does the young of even the highest anthropoid apes. Hence, no culture could endure in which the act of reproduction, that is, mating, pregnancy, and childbirth, was not linked up with the fact the father and mother have to look after the children for a long period, and in turn, derive certain benefits from the care and trouble taken." Anthropologies however disagree with Malinowski's view regarding the need of the father to define a family. They argued that the composition the basic social unit is not necessarily the nuclear family setting where father is needed but only the mother and the children are the only ones that composed it (Collier et al 1997). They justified their own view when they claimed that "whether of not a mate become attached to the mother on some more or less permanent basis is a variable matter". Conversely, they are maintaining Malinowski's idea of that family as a universal human institution without the attachment of the father in the family (Collier et al 1997). In some sectors' perspectives, anthropologis... Conversely, they are maintaining Malinowski's idea of that family as a universal human institution without the attachment of the father in the family (Collier et al 1997). In some sectors' perspectives, anthropologists' view is being favored more than Malinowski's. Neurophysiologists such as Diane Ackerman's, through her book A Natural History of Love (1994), agreed indirectly to the fatherless system of the family. According to Ackerman "young children go berserk when separated from their mothers, but not necessarily when separated from their fathers. Ackerman's view rely on love of the parents' towards their offspring, as the latter's reaction depends on the form of love a parent has given. Ackerman stated that mother's love is absolute, that even serial killers have mothers who love them. On the other side, fathers tend to love conditional, and more distant, thus this make children have exclusive affection towards the father (Ackerman 1994). "Fatherly love tends to punish and reward, set limits, make demands and expect obedience" as stated by Ackerman. She explained that it is really part of the parenting that an offspring to be ruled by tyrants, and obeying laws. Sara Ruddick, through her work Thinking about Fathers (1990), said that the idea of men in charge of the family threatens the systems such as household arrangements, political alliances, intersex friendship, and heterosexual relationships. In a feminist's view, domination in the family and career is the issue when men presence comes into the picture in a unit as they tend to suppress women's right to deliberately manage household concerns (Ruddick 1990). However, Ruddick tried to be balance by citing that "fathers are necessary ingredients both of childhood and good enough of

How to Prevent and Reduce Stress at Cleeve Link Essay

How to Prevent and Reduce Stress at Cleeve Link - Essay Example The main findings of the research are that in Cleeve Hill staffs have been identified five categories of substantive factors that can be identified as potential cause of work-related stress: quantitative and qualitative demands, autonomy and Control, employee involvement in organisational changes, relations at work (including support from colleagues and line managements), role of the employee. This paper declares that notably in some organizations, many tasks are added to a single job description making it barely for any employee to perform without being stressed. In such circumstances, the employees find themselves with heavy workloads, infrequent work breaks, long working hours and or little shift turnover. According to Friedman, a philosopher who investigated the optimum conditions that a human being would be most productive in performing some tasks advocated that human beings perform more efficiently under less duress. Different organizations have different forms of leadership depending on their nature or objectives. However, the major management can be categorised into two main categories namely democratic and autocratic. Democratic leaders employ a bureaucratic approach to leadership ensuring that organizational decisions are made in line with the opinion of all employees. On the contrary, autocratic leaders act on their own; any decision affecting an organization is left in the hands of the top management. In line with this, the manner in which decisions are made in organizations affect employees directly.

The mechanics of pipeline reeling

The mechanics of pipeline reeling An Insight Into The Mechanics Of Pipeline Reeling Abstract : Written here is a paper devoted to the mechanics of pipeline reeling. It contains an initial background into the various techniques used for rigid pipe lay, as well as a brief insight into the vessels used. The mechanics of pipeline reeling is discussed in detail, with the effect of pipeline ovalisation as well as a detailed understanding of the moment/curvature response and D/t ratios being defined. An insight into the material selection stage is given, before introducing one to the Recommend Practice for flaw control, involving Engineering Critical Assessment (ECA) as well as specimen testing. Finally the paper will be rounded off with an insight into future concepts and studies being carried out by the industry. 1. Introduction The aim of this paper is to address the mechanics of the ridged pipe reeling process, as used frequently in the offshore oil and gas industry. The use of pipelines to transfer goods or product is highly proven, having been utilised since the late 20th century where the potential for oil was first realised. The relentless demand for oil meant that the need to look past existing onshore reserves was realised, with experimentation into the offshore environment inevitable. Today, pipelines are considered to be one of the most economical ways to transfer petroleum products such as oil, gas and water, in large quantities and over vast distances both reliably and safely. The steady growth of the oil and gas industry ensures that boundaries are constantly widening regarding pipeline installation, with ever-greater challenges of water depth and location becoming apparent. Pipelines are highly versatile in this respect, aided greatly by the many devised pipe lay methods. The J-lay, S-lay, and reel barge allow installation of rigid pipelines in a vast array of different water depths, at different lengths and speeds. The reeling method of installation differs from the others in that it puts the pipe under reverse plastic strain deformation, resulting in increased potential for enhancing induced defects. This lay technique will receive the majority of report analysis. Reel lay of rigid pipelines is now a well-proven method of installation in the offshore environment. The issue of fracture control due to plastic strain under installation is generally very well understood, indeed to such an extent that it is already well standardised for both actual pipeline design and the treatment of fracture control during plastic deformation. These standards take the form of the DNV RP-F108 and DNV OS-F101 respectively. Whilst fracture itself in todays offshore pipeline installations is now unheard of, ductile tearing does indeed occur, especially in laboratory and finite element testing. There also appears to be no recent published accounts of in-service leaks as a result of fabrication flaws to date. An attempt will be made to analyse and understand these relevant topics through the mechanics of pipe reeling. As a final aspect to the report, an insight into future aspects regarding rigid pipe reeling will be given. As an example, flaw tolerances due to the introduction of new pipeline materials and the ever-increasing exposure to H2S (sour service) environments are known to cause material stress cracking. 2. Pipeline Installation And Field Overview Offshore pipelines come in many different forms, dependant on their location in the field. The further downstream they are located, the larger their potential diameter as more flow streams connect. Pipeline design is dependant on the findings of 3 main stages of design, namely conceptual, preliminary and detail engineering. Within the first stage the concept is evaluated for feasibility and all restraints are identified. Preliminary engineering focuses on the defining of the project parameters and goes into enough detail to order the pipeline. The final detail engineering breaks everything down to the finest detail for submitting as work tender to the client. Improved welding techniques, survey capabilities, anchor handling techniques and procedures have all helped contribute towards more fast and efficient installations. The main loading considerations during pipeline installation are hydrostatic pressure, tension and bending. Three main lay methods exist for the installation of offshore pipelines. These are the J-lay and S-lay methods, as well as the technique of reeling. S-lay/Steep S-Lay The S-lay pipelay configuration offers the ability to install pipeline in typically shallow to intermediate water depths. It gets its name from the ‘S shape, formed from the overbend at the vessel stinger to the sagbend before contact with the ocean floor. This can be seen in the following Figure 1. S-lay of pipeline involves a normal or semi submersible vessel with an attached stinger. The stinger, used to minimise curvature and thus bending stress, supports the pipe as it is being offloaded, housing rollers to allow smooth movement of the pipe as it moves off. Tension is typically provided in the form of track loop deck tensioners, and varies depending on waterdepth, submerged pipeline weight, departure angle and sagbend and overbend curvatures respectively. A ‘firing line is installed on the vessel, containing the welding stations and relevant inspection stages for pipeline assembly. S-Lay is ultimately limited in deeper waters due to tension capacity and thus high overbend strains. As water depth increases the stinger length required becomes unfeasible, with more buoyancy being required to support the longer pipe length for the steeper lift off angle. J-lay The J-lay configuration allows for the installation of rigid pipeline in water depths of over 500ft. The term ‘J comes from the shape the pipeline takes up during the lay, as seen in Figure 2, below. The J-lay method works via the use of a barge with an installed tower, used to provide the required vertical drop and lower the product. Due to its configuration, the J-lay method requires no stinger and thus overbend stresses are eliminated and lay tension is reduced. The setup typically suffers from slower productivity than a comparable S-lay due to the vertical setup on the vessel. This can often result in the method being more cost prohibitive. It is however easier to utilise smaller vessels such as smaller barges and support vessels due to the relatively compact tower arrangement. Improved motion characteristics of the majority of J-lay vessels also results in lower dynamic pipe stresses. Reeling Reeling of pipeline is a configuration often utilised for offshore pipelines as well as catenary risers. It differs from the previous two installation methods in that the pipeline itself is first welded together and insulated as required, before being spooled onto a large drum on a reel lay vessel, all onshore. Upon loading the pipeline onto the reel, plastic strain deformation occurs. Once the lay vessel is in location, the pipe is then unreeled and straightened using a straight ramp, before being layed via either of the above J-lay and S-lay methods, typically dependant on conditions such as water depth and vessel configuration, namely horizontal or vertical reel. Throughout the lay, the pipe is tensioned and anchored to prevent sagging. Once complete a pullhead is attached to the tail end, before an abandonment cable guides it to the seabed, with an attached buoy used as a location marker. Reeling can typically be used for pipe diameters of up to 16†, as well as for pipe-in-pipe installations. As the pipeline is not being created during the lay, reeling offers the advantages of short installation times which can be particularly advantageous in short weather windows. Reeling of pipelines also tends to be more cost effective for this reason, offering the potential for better safety as well as a better quality product as a whole, that can be fabricated from exotic steels, coatings and internal liners as required. Weld joints can suffer from fewer flaws due to enhanced onshore inspection, often from Non Destructive Testing (NDT) via X-ray methods before the pipeline is reeled. A possible downside to the reel lay method is that the pipe radius tends to restrict the length of pipe layed, typically around 3 to 15km. Because of this, if the pipeline is made up of multiple segment lengths, connecting the set can prove challenging after their initial lay, and multiple segments being layed many miles offshore can result in undesired transit time. The pipeline also comes under plastic strain deformation, potentially resulting in ovalisation of the pipeline as well as affecting maintenance and monitoring of the product. Buckling can also occur, being time consuming to correct and due to the occurring deformation throughout the reel lay process, traditional coatings such as concrete cannot be used. Reeling Ships/Barges Typically, reel lay vessels often take the form of barges, as well as modified drillships and bulk carriers. Purpose built vessels also exist, examples being the 1978 CSO Apache pipelay vessel, seen below in Figure 3. Depending on the vessel configuration, reeling can be horizontal or vertical. Horizontal reeling is typically used with the S-lay configuration, with the vertical setup used mostly with J-lay. The CSO Apache vessel however, is an exception to this rule, being a vertical setup for use with S-lay. 3. Mechanics Of Pipe Reeling The pipe reeling method produces high levels of bending strain on the product, often just slightly below pipe shell buckling strain values. The primary concern is that because of this reverse plastic strain from reeling on and off, the pipeline is being ‘degraded, being downgraded below that of conventional J-lay and S-lay an so producing a greater failure risk. This, along with the aligning and straightening processes required, modifies the pipe material properties resulting in uncertainty to its performance. Pipe reeling also produces uncertainty with regards to burst, collapse, and fracture of the pipeline. Collapse in particular is directly linked with pipeline ovality, a result of the installation process. Despite all this it is fairly obvious that if plastic reeling strains were such a concern then we wouldnt be installing flowlines with them! The reality is that there is no reduction in performance provided that certain items are carefully considered during the design, procurement and fabrication processes. As an example, poor understanding can result in a greater pipe wall thicknesses, but with the reeling method now extremely well understood, to such an extent that there are detailed standards for it, there are nearly always relevant procedures to follow. Pipeline Ovalisation The method of rigid pipe reeling is such that the inducing of ovalisation to the pipe is inevitable. Ovalisation is the deformation of the pipe from a near perfect circle to an elliptical cross section due to plastic strain deformation. The challenge with such an installation method is maintaining an ovality that is within acceptable limits during the pipe lay. Ovalisation can be increased with bending and external overpressure and also decreased with bending and internal overpressure. It is a non-linear effect that greatly increases as the material reaches its elastic range. Ovality is strongly influenced by material properties such as rate of strain hardening, as well as the pipe diameter over thickness ratio, D/t and the reeling geometry configuration. Also of particular concern, is the relationship that a variation in material properties between pipes can bring, mostly over the required welded connections. The concept of ovalisation is not concerned with the materials yield stress itself but depends on the material yield anisotropy, that is the ratio of yield stress in the hoop to the axial direction. In order to ensure that the pipe does not collapse during installation, it is important to ensure ovality is kept within set parameters, as defined in the DNV-OS-F101 Offshore Standards. This is based around the characteristic resistance for external pressure collapse, pc and can be seen below in Equation 3.1. afab is the pipe material fabrication factor and is used for manufacturing processes that introduce cold deformations, giving different strength in compression and tension. The maximum value this can represent is a value of 1 for a seamless manufacturing process. This reduces to as low as 0.85 depending on the fabrication method used, for example the UOE bending, forming and welding process. The ovality value, fo is outputted as a percentage and from the DNV standards is not to exceed 3% in a reeling application. It is critical in the selection of wall thickness during design stages and must be of large enough value to take into account not only the expected ovality but localised peaks. Too large a fo value will result in a pipeline being of thicker wall thickness than required. When a pipe is bent plastically to a positive curvature (i.e. when spooling) and back again (coming off the reel), most ovalisation is recovered when the pipe is straightened. If too high an amount of ovalisation is still present however, then external forces in the form of rollers can encourage straightening, though this itself can be disadvantageous due to the potential to damage any linepipe coating. Ovalisation is disadvantageous for certain tasks that will be carried out throughout the pipelines lifespan, such as pigging and through flow line (TFL) tools. Pigging, a form of linepipe maintenance for cleaning and inspection, can be carried out without halting product flow by using the pressure of the flow to carry the pig from its launcher to its receiver. However as they are designed to fit snugly in a round pipe, excessive ovalisation would cause potential blockage or incompatibility. Moment Curvature Another aspect for consideration in order to gain a further in-depth understanding of the reel lay process is the relationship between moment and curvature during pipeline installation. The moment/curvature relationship is based round that of the pipes physical geometry, as well as the relationship of stress and strain in the material. An example of a moment/curvature diagram can be seen below in Figure 4. The pipeline is initially spooled onto the reel resulting in plastic deformation, and thus is taken past the material yield point (A) to the extent that the maximum installation curvature (B) is experienced by the pipe. This curvature will be dependant on the radius of the reel being utilised, with the radius increasing as pipe is overlapped. From its reeled state, the pipeline is transported to the lay destination for unspooling. It is unreeled to the pipeline aligner, a stage that due to the pipeline weight and applied back tension from the reel, results in reverse plastic deformation (C). With the pipe now resting between these two points, it sits visually straight in its span. Passing the pipe through the aligner of radius (E) and towards the straightener, bends it in the same direction to that is was initially spooled. The 3-point straightener itself exerts a further reverse plastic bend (F) on the pipe. Taking it slightly past its initial curvature results in it sitting physically straight on the seabed when all tension upon it is relaxed. The delivery state to the seabed location will correspond to the relevant standards as denoted in DNV-OS-F101. It is generally considered that the maximum moment to be sustained by the pipe during reeling will be around that of (B), with this moment being less than the plastic moment. This is due to the fact that at this point the bending behaviour of the pipe is stable and so buckle is unlikely to occur, with moment still increasing with curvature. The plastic moment at any point of the pipeline is a function of the pipes diameter, wall thickness and yield strength respectively, with the post yield strain hardening as well as the section ovalisation also playing a less extreme factor. One issue that tends to arise with pipeline reeling regarding moment and curvature occurs with the use of different pipe grades during production. When pipe is requested by a supplier, it is done so by grade. The supplier will create batches of pipe to the specified specification, but due to manufacture no two batches will be exactly alike i.e. some pipe will be weaker than others and vice versa. Despite all batches of pipe adhering to a minimum specification, the mismatched material specifications each react slightly differently during reeling, potentially resulting in high local curvatures and in extreme cases, local buckling. In the case of a pipeline being reeled, the moment required to spool a pipe onto the provided reel is provided by that of the following 12m section in line. Should this pipe be of weaker grade than the initial one, the potential that the moment will not be sufficiently supported arises, resulting in a localised increase in curvature, producing the greater pot ential for local buckling. D/t Ratio The pipe diameter over thickness ratio (D/t) is of high importance in pipe selection, being directly related to that of buckling. Typically, as the D/t ratio decreases the pipe can withstand a higher strain before buckling. However this comes at the expense of a large increase in ovality to the extent that it may go over desired limits, affecting such procedures as pigging of the pipeline. This can be seen below in Figure 5. Figure 5: Plot of Allowable Strain and Ovalisation at Allowable Strain As a further example to the relation to the D/t ratio to ovalisation, research carried out on pipe of API steel grade X65 gave the following results, as found in the following Table 1. Material Selection Material selection for pipelines is highly important for several different factors, and can determine the standards to follow and installation procedure. For a carbon steel for example, the requirements for a reeled pipeline are not that far removed from the requirements of national standards, but for other materials such as high strength pipe grades, careful review may be required. All materials require a certain level of constraints to be effective, with control typically needed on factors such as tensile ranges, maximum diameter to thickness ratio (D/t) and inner diameter (ID) tolerances. By working with suppliers who understand the installation process, a the chance of a suitable product is greatly increased. DNV standards dictate several basic requirements for pipe reeling. A maximum yield strength value of no greater than +100MPa of the Specified Minimum Yield Strength (SMYS) is to be used, with a yield spread no greater than 100MPa. Wall thickness tolerance is considered to be dependant on the pipes actual wall thickness and a yield to tensile ratio of no greater than 0.90 is to be used. Strain aged testing of parent pipe material must also be carried out to the expected levels experienced during the reeling process. For the reeling of rigid pipeline, the choice of pipe material is strongly influenced by the manufacture method, both in terms of properties and geometry. Two main manufacturing methods exist, being submerged arc welded (SAW) and seamless (SMLS). SAW pipe is created by rolling a plate and welding the seam. It is a closely controlled method of fabrication offering tighter dimensional tolerances and better availability than seamless pipe. Seamless pipe involves the driving of a billet over a piercing rod, creating a hollow shell. This method typically offers better availability than welded pipe, at the expense of poorer tolerances in properties, in particular geometrically. Technip made an attempt to explore the variation of wall thickness in four 10km length pipelines of 6†, 10† and two 12† diameters, with stated wall thickness from 12.7 to 21.3mm. Measurements were taken at various points of each pipeline through their circumference, building up a broad cumulative distribution function for the thickness of each pipe. It was found that there was large variation in the wall thickness values throughout each pipe. Despite initial concerns, it was said to be almost impossible for a large to thin extreme of wall thickness to occur at a weld connection, due to the large variation of possible thicknesses in each pipe. It was concluded that the plastic moment capacity of seamless pipe was dominated primarily by the variation in average wall thickness through a pipes cross section. A highly exaggerated illustration of the deviance of each outside diameter (OD) for each type of pipe manufacture can be seen in the following Figure 6. The variation in OD of any pipe is closely related to ovality of the linepipe and can be obtained from additional analysis. An additional issue that tends to arise with pipeline reeling, regarding material selection, occurs with the use of different pipe grades during production. When pipe is requested by a supplier, it is done so by grade. When a grade is selected as being suitable for use, a supplier will ensure that the material supplied exceeds the grade, often level with the next grade up, in order to prevent rejection of the pipe due to it being under specification, which could cost them vast amounts of money. This results in welding issues as higher grade materials are more difficult to weld to standard, requiring overmatching (where the weld is stronger than the pipe itself) with the surrounding material. In order to prevent this, companies have been known for requesting material in the form of a YS/UTS ratio, yield strength over ultimate tensile strength, described in more detail below, keeping tighter control on what is produced. This comes at a disadvantage to suppliers due to the finer toleran ces involved. Reeling can also cause unacceptable strain hardening in certain materials, as well as large work hardening in higher grade steels. Strain hardening can be described as the increase in material resistance after previously exceeding its yield point from plastic strain. In ratio form it is YS/UTS, with lower ratio values indicating a greater material resistance after yield, and thus greater material stability under plastic deformation. A typical graph of strain hardening in a material can be seen below in Figure 7. The increase in material resistance can be seen from the positive slope produced. Work hardening, the increase in yield from repetitive straining is also of concern, but happens in fewer materials. Corrosion is an issue for pipelines in such areas as sour service. In areas such as hydrocarbon production pipelines, an inner liner, often of high-density polyethurene, is inserted as a form of corrosion prevention. This greatly enhances the life of the pipeline but issues have arisen with such a setup, including liner collapse. Liner collapse can occur when gas that is travelling through the liner becomes trapped between it and the outer pipe. During service this has little effect due to the pipeline operating pressure, but when the pipeline is depressurised, it can expand and collapse the liner. It has been shown that certain materials can experience increased resistance to fracture due to a growth in micro cavities and other such defects that can initiate ductile crack propagation. Due to the nature of the reeling method for pipeline installation this effect is given less attention however, instead aiming to reduce the chance of fracture via carefully selected material grade. This is due to the fact that reeling produces much smaller plastic strain levels than is ideal for the theory to work to great effect. Plastic Strain Effects On Materials And Welding The majority of load carrying structures in an engineering environment have cracks present in their construction, through either the linepipe material itself or the welding that was carried out through construction. It is more or less unheard of to have a pipeline with no defects at all, and it would be highly uneconomic to repair every flaw found. As such it is important to develop an acceptance criteria in order to establish defects that are acceptable and those that are not and have the potential to cause failure one that states a guaranteed fitness for purpose and integrity of the pipeline. Considering the two possible lay methods in terms of strain, that is plastic strain and elastic strain installation respectively, each has different assessment criteria to carry out. The standard procedures for elastic loading are not equal to plastic loading, being modified to suit. The severity of a flaw is dependant mostly on its size, location, loading and the material properties. As an example, installation methods involving significant plastic strain normally require high toughness materials in order to allow acceptance of realistic flaw sizes in the girth welds. An acceptance criteria must be carefully considered to ensure that it is not over cautious. It must be ensured that no unnecessary work is carried out with regards to weld repair, inspection and pre-weld treatments, and that no weld methods, materials or design are wrongly disqualified throughout the process. The industry as a whole accepts that flaws in structures are acceptable as long as they are accounted for and cannot cause failure. Modern pipeline design is based on a limit state design, with each failure mode designed for independently. One of the main failure modes in rigid pipelines for reeling is the fracture of girth welds. For girth welds, it is important to ensure that the strength and fracture toughness are well optimised, as this will help to prevent any present flaws from extending and thus affecting the overall pipeline integrity. It needs to be demonstrated that the pipeline has adequate resistance against crack extension by tearing and unstable fracture during its installation, as well as operation. This is done via an Engineering Critical Assessment (ECA), which was devised in order to help determine acceptable flaw sizes in girth welds. Recommended Practice For Flaw Control The standards by the DNV give a Recommended Practice to be used for cyclic plastic deformation as found in rigid pipe reeling. The Practice is made up of 3 key elements, namely a procedure for fracture resistance testing, an Engineering Critical Assessment (ECA) procedure and finally a validation testing procedure. Each of the three stages is expanded on below. The purpose of the initial element of the procedure is to characterise the pipe materials fracture resistance as well as the fracture resistance of the girth welds. This is done to help determine acceptable flaw sizes in the pipeline. There are two ways of carrying out such analysis according to the utilised BSI BS 7448, namely via the use of either a SENT (Single Edged Notched Tension) or a SENB (Single Edged Notched Bend) specimens. Due to the loading characteristics of reeling, the SENT specimen is the most frequently utilised, as it is considered to be the more representative of the two with regards to the crack tip constraint of girth weld flaws. Use of the SENB specimen results in conservative results. With regards to cyclic loading effects regarding fracture resistance, research carried out by both TWI and DNV has shown, through both small and large scale testing, that cyclic loading does little to affect the fracture resistance of both the pipe material and its welds. Due to this, the DNV standards recommend that the fracture resistance values are determined for later ECA analysis through the use of one-directional monotonic testing of the SENT specimens, before later being verified by small scale testing of Segment specimens, used to resemble conditions of a girth weld during linepipe installation. Characterise The Pipe Materials Fracture Resistance To begin with, monotonic testing of the SENT specimens was carried out, in order to characterise the materials fracture resistance values by J-R (or CTOD-R) curves. For this application the BS 7448 standard is followed, with exception to the use of the SENT specimen in order to account for obtaining a loading mode and thus crack tip constraint similar to that of a pipe circumferential surface or embedded flaw. No set standard is currently available for this configuration of SENT testing. The typical SENT specimen, as seen above in Figure 8, is of recommended dimensions B = 2W and contains a surface notch that is used to represent the relevant orientation for defects in girth welds. The aim of this testing stage is to evaluate results for all possible defect locations on a reeled rigid pipeline. The sample is to be either clamped in position or pin loaded for testing, with both methods being deemed acceptable for comparison of flaws in pipe girth welds. A minimum of 6 specimens will be tested, with each loaded to a tearing length of anything from 0.2mm to 3mm, in order to obtain an accurate J-R or CTOD-R curve. It must be ensured that no brittle fracture occurs before attainment of the expected maximum load value, or that of a stable crack extension of at least 1.5 mm, for the results to be effective. Testing is done at the lowest predicted install temperature the pipeline will foresee, with consideration also made for install temperatures of over 50 °c due to the p ossibility of a reduced stable crack tearing resistance. The J-integral is obtained from the relationship where Je represents the elastic area of the J-integral and Jp the plastic respectively. Perform An Engineering Criticality Assessment (ECA) The second stage of the procedure is based around an ECA assessment. An ECA assessment is used in order to help determine acceptable flaw sizes that will not cause failure during linepipe installation and later operation. It can be broken down into 3 basic stages, those being material properties, flaw data and material stresses. Having any two of the three available allows the third to be found, but the most common method utilised is establishing the maximum tolerable flaw size from material properties and applied stress information. In 2007, the DNV-OS-F101 standards had an Appendix A added, based on the BSI BS 7910 standards, in an attempt to clarify all existing information relating to ECA calculations. The previously found fracture properties, established from testing of SENT specimens, are used to ensure that no weld flaws will cause failure during installation. Failure itself is defined as a preset crack extension and final crack size being exceeded, as well as the occurrence of plastic collapse and unstable fracture. The crack size definitions are mostly recommended for study in the installation phase, giving desirable information on flaw size after installation, that itself being during the pipeline operation. The ECA assessment itself is described in the BSI BS 7910 level 3 tearing instability analysis, but for the purpose of pipe reeling is modified to suit. The method is fairly in-depth, but a summery will be given to illustrate what is involved. The initial requirement is to adjust the found stress/strain and curve data from the SENT in order to help create a Failure Assessment Diagram (FAD), used to help distinguish between acceptable results and those that would cause possible failure. This is done by plotting both brittle fracture Kr against plastic collapse Lr. A cutoff value for plastic deformation must be found, as the FAD cannot account for arbitrary large plastic deformations. An example FAD diagram can be seen below in Figure 9. Figure 9: Failure Assessment Diagram (FAD) It is also required to calculate the actual stress and strain concentration of the pipeline. The act

Crucial Role of Innovation in Competitive Success Essay -- Business, S

Innovation has become widely recognized as a key to competitive success (Francis & Bessant, 2005). Scholars are mainly concerned with innovation because of the life requirements and the persistent desire for continuous change to be in accordance with individuals' needs and desires (Badawy, 1993). Developments in all aspects of life are attributed to innovation. Peter Ducker, one of the administration scholars, says that innovation is one of the main forces in economic and social development and a basic tool in the growing, resistance and adaptability of the contemporary organizations with the changing environmental conditions as those organizations with no innovation will shortly remove (Drucker, 1995). Leaders of businesses of all sizes and from all industries make innovation among their top priorities and concerns (Scantlebury & Lawton, 2007). Innovation is recently considered as a key factor for achieving sustainable competitive advantages and, by extension, for the success of businesses in the market (Cooper & Kleinschmidt, 1987; Damanpour & Evan, 1984; Damanpour & Gopalakrishnan, 2001; Damanpour et al., 1989; Hitt et al., 1997; Kleinschmidt & Cooper, 1991; Rogers, 1983; Subramanian & Nilakanta, 1996). The main reason is that innovative ï ¬ rms are more ï ¬â€šexible and have a greater capacity to adapt to changes. This can protect them when the climate is unstable, they can respond faster to changes, create new opportunities and exploit existing ones to a greater extent than the competition (Drucker, 1985; Miles & Snow, 1978). In the age of the knowledge and economy, the rapidly The successful changes occurring in the contemporary organizations environment are based in essence on the human source that is one of the main assets in... ... to innovate is influenced by external factors to the organization as well as by internal factors. The five innovation drivers observed by Cooper (2005) appear to be the external factors, while ITC which is proposed by Zhang et al. (2008) and organizational culture elements proposed by Schlegelmilch et al. (2003) and Cravens et al. (2002), are more internally oriented. Drake et al. (2006) identified a need for studies to examine the relative importance of various factors contributing to a firm’s innovation capability. The need was further confirmed by number of writers (Barlow, 2002; Currah, 2007; Miozzo & Dewick, 2002). This needs forming the overarching motivation for this study. This study examines the influence of organizational culture and Cooper’s five drivers on innovation capability and identifies the mediating role of information technology capability. â€Æ'

Night World : Spellbinder Chapter 6

Kevin howled, clapping a hand to his cheek. â€Å"He cut me! This guy cut me!† Blood ran between his fingers. Randy lifted the razor again. Thea reached out with her mind. Not reached. She leaped. It was completely instinctive; she was scared to death, and all she could think of was that he was going to kill Kevin, and maybe Blaise, too. She caught-something. Pain and grief and fury that seemed to be bouncing around like a baboon in a cage. She could hold it for only an instant, but in that instant Eric threw two cups of punch in Randy's face. Randy yelled and turned away from Kevin, toward Eric. Thea felt a surge of pure terror. Randy slashed with the razor, but Eric was fast; he jumped back out of the way, circling to get behind Randy. Randy wheeled and slashed again. They were doing a macabre dance, going round and round. Thea felt as if the fear was winding tighter inside her with each turn. But Eric kept out of the way of the flashing razor until a rush of movement on the dance floor caught her eye. It was Mr. Adkins and two other teachers. They converged on Randy and there was a lot of confusion. When it was over, Randy was on the ground. Sirens wailed outside, coming closer. Eric stepped away from the pile on the floor. Breathing hard, he looked at Thea. She nodded that she was all right, then shut her eyes. She felt limp and wrung out and awful. They were going to take Randy away now, and she didn't think there was much help for him. He definitely seemed too far gone. At that moment she was ashamed of being a witch. â€Å"All right, people,† Mr. Adkins was saying. â€Å"Let's move out of here. Let's get this place cleared.† He looked at Blaise, who was bending over a seated Kevin, holding a napkin to his cheek. â€Å"You two can stay.† Then he put a hand on Blaise's shoulder. â€Å"Are you okay here?† Blaise looked up with wide, tragic gray eyes. â€Å"I think so,† she said bravely. Mr. Adkins swallowed. His hand on Blaise's shoulder squeezed. Thea heard him mutter something like, â€Å"Poor kid.† Oh, give me a break, Thea thought. But a small, selfish part of her was relieved. Blaise wasn't going to get in trouble over this one; neither of them was going to get expelled. Grandma wasn't going to be disgraced in front of the Inner Circle. And Blaise did seem worried about Kevin. She was bending over him again solicitously. As if she really cared. Thea slipped past a teacher's outstretched arm. â€Å"Are you okay?† she whispered to Blaise. Blaise looked up enigmatically. That was when Thea saw that she had a tiny vial concealed in the napkin. It was full of blood. â€Å"You†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Thea couldn't find the words. Blaise made a slight grimace that meant: I know. But it was just too good a chance to miss. Thea backed up and ran into Eric. He put a steadying arm around her. â€Å"Is she all right?† â€Å"She's fine. I have to get out of here.† Eric looked into her face. He was rumpled: his hair mussed, his eyes dark. All he said was, â€Å"Let's go.† They passed Vivienne and Selene on the way out. Thea had to give them credit; they both looked shocked and unhappy. The question was, would it last? Dani was in the parking lot with John Finkelstein. â€Å"I'm going home,† she said significantly to Thea, and tossed something into a clump of bitterbrush. It was an empty vial. Thea felt a tiny uncoiling of relief. She touched Dani's arm lightly. â€Å"Thanks.† Dani looked back at the cafeteria. â€Å"I wonder what it was he wanted to know?† she murmured. And just then a howl came from the lighted doorway, as if answering her question. It didn't sound like a person; it sounded like an animal in anguish. â€Å"Whyyyyyy?† Thea turned blindly and almost ran for Eric's jeep. When they were driving on darkened streets, Eric said quietly, â€Å"I'm presuming he was an old boyfriend?† â€Å"Last month's.† Eric glanced at her. â€Å"He was pretty messed up, poor guy.† And that, Thea thought, summed it up nicely. He was pretty messed up forever. Poor guy. â€Å"It's Blaise,† she said. She hadn't meant to talk to him about this, but the words were so crowded in her throat that she thought she'd burst if she didn't let them out. â€Å"She does this and does this, and I can't stop her. She picks guys up everywhere, and they fall in love with her, and then she dumps them.† â€Å"Love? Hm,† Eric said. Thea looked at him, astonished. He was looking straight ahead, his long, supple fingers steady on the wheel. Well. And I thought you were so naive. Maybe you see more than I realized. â€Å"It's a kind of love,† she said. â€Å"It's like-do you know, in ancient Greece they worshiped the goddess Aphrodite. She was the goddess of love-and the thing about her was that she was absolutely merciless.† Thea shook her head. â€Å"I saw this play once about a queen named Phaedra. And Aphrodite made her fall in love with her own stepson, and by the end of the play just about everybody was dead on the stage. But Aphrodite just kept smiling. Because she was just doing what a goddess does-the same way that a tornado rips houses apart or a fire burns down a forest.† She stopped. Her chest was aching and she didn't have any breath left. But in a way she felt better, as if some pressure had been relieved. â€Å"And you think Blaise is like that.† â€Å"Yes. Sort of a natural force that can't help itself. Does that sound completely crazy?† â€Å"Actually, no.† Eric gave a wry smile. â€Å"Nature's rough. Hawks grab rabbits. Male lions kill cubs. It's a jungle out there.† â€Å"But that doesn't make it right. Maybe for goddesses and animals, but not when it gets to the level of humans.† It was a moment before she realized what she'd said. She was using â€Å"humans† to mean â€Å"people.† â€Å"Well, humans aren't very far from animals, after all,† Eric said softly. Thea sagged back against the seat. She was still confused and unhappy, but what scared her most was that she felt a strong urge to keep talking to Eric about it. He seemed to understand so well†¦ better than anybody else ever had. And not only to understand, but to care. â€Å"I know what you need,† Eric said suddenly, brightening. â€Å"I was going to suggest we go to the late buffet at Harrah's, but I know something better.† Thea glanced at the clock, saw that it was almost eleven: â€Å"What?† â€Å"Puppy therapy.† â€Å"What?† He just grinned and turned the jeep south. They pulled up at a modest gray building with a sign that read sun city animal hospital. â€Å"This is where you work.† â€Å"Yup. We can let Pilar off early,† Eric said, getting out and unlocking the front door of the building. â€Å"Come on.† A pretty girl with shoulder-length brown hair looked up from behind the office counter. Thea recognized her as Pilar Osorio from school. A quiet girl who looked like a good student. â€Å"How was the dance?† she said. Thea thought her eyes lingered on Eric wistfully as she said it. Eric shrugged. â€Å"Pretty awful, to tell the truth. There was a fight and we left.† Thea noticed he didn't mention his part in stopping the fight. â€Å"How awful,† Pilar said sympathetically-but Thea thought she wasn't entirely sorry that the dance hadn't gone well. â€Å"Yeah. So how's our boy?† â€Å"Okay-a little hyper. You might want to take him for a walk later.† Pilar picked up her jacket. She nodded politely to Thea as she headed for the door. â€Å"See you Monday.† She likes him. When the door was shut, Thea looked around the office. â€Å"So the clinic's not open.† â€Å"No, but somebody has to stay overnight when we've got animals boarding here.† He gave her the grin again. â€Å"Follow me.† He led her through an exam room into a corridor and then to a kennel room at the back. Thea looked around with interest. She'd never been in the inner sanctum of an animal hospital before. There were several dog runs. Eager whining was coming from the last. Eric looked at her mischievously. â€Å"Three, two, one†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He opened the cage. A big Labrador puppy tumbled out, tail wagging frantically. He was a beautiful color that ranged from deep gold on his back to almost white on his legs and paws. â€Å"Hey, Bud,† Eric said. â€Å"Hey, pal; who's a good boy?† He looked at Thea solemnly. â€Å"This is the ultimate cuddle dog.† Thea collapsed on the sheet vinyl floor and made a lap, holding both arms out. â€Å"Uh-your dress-† Eric began mildly, but the puppy was already in midair. Thea caught him and he crawled up her, legs on her shoulders, hot breath blowing in her ear. â€Å"I think I'm in love,† Thea gasped, her arms full of warm, heavy puppy sweetness. Happiness surrounded her. She didn't have to try to merge with the puppy's mind; he practically took over by force. All his thoughts were good ones, and they were all about now. About how terrific everything smelled this minute, and how great that scratch behind the ear felt on a fleabite. Good feelings, happy feelings†¦ I really like this big bald dog†¦ Wonder which of us is dominant? The puppy bit her and Thea play-bit him back. â€Å"Wrong; I'm the pack leader,† she informed him, holding his jowls. There was only one odd thing. She could see the way the world looked to the pup-and there was nothing on the right. Just a void. â€Å"Is there something wrong with his eyes?† â€Å"You noticed the cataract. Lots of people don't see that right away. Yeah, he's blind in the right eye. When he gets older he may come back for surgery.† Eric sat back against the wall, grinning madly. â€Å"You've really got a way with animals,† he said. â€Å"But you don't own any pets?† The question was gentle, not intrusive. Thea said absently, â€Å"Well, usually just temporary ones. I pick them up and when they're cured I put them back- or find homes for them if they want to be pets.† â€Å"You cure them.† Once again, the question was gentle, but Thea felt a little shock. Why couldn't she guard her tongue around this guy? She looked up and found he was looking at her steadily and searchingly, his green eyes alert. She took a breath. â€Å"I feed them, take them to the vet if they need it. Then I wait until they heal up.† He nodded, but the searching look didn't go away. â€Å"Did you ever think of being a vet yourself?† Thea had to look down. She bluffed by kissing the puppy. â€Å"Uh, not really,† she muttered into blond fur. â€Å"But you've got a gift. Look, I've got some material on U.C. Davis. They have a great undergraduate program-and their graduate school is one of the best in the country. It's not easy to get in, but you could do it. I know you could.† â€Å"I wouldn't bet on it,† Thea muttered. She had several dramatic blotches on her academic record- like four expulsions. But that wasn't the real problem. The real problem was that witches weren't veterinarians. They just weren't. She could choose to specialize in gems or herbs or ritual clothing; in chants or runes or research or amulets†¦ in hundreds of things, but nothing taught at U.C. Davis. â€Å"It's hard to explain,† Thea said. She didn't have much room left to be surprised, or she'd have been surprised to find she wanted to explain to a human. â€Å"It's just-my family wouldn't really approve. They want me to be something else.† Eric opened his mouth, then shut it again. The puppy sneezed. â€Å"Well-maybe you could help me with my application sometime,† Eric said at last. â€Å"I'm trying to do the essay question and dying.† You sneak, Thea thought. â€Å"Maybe,† she said. At that moment a buzzer sounded-far away but insistent. Bud barked. â€Å"What the†¦ that's the outside buzzer,† Eric said. â€Å"But nobody should be here at this time of night.† He got up and headed for the front of the building. Thea followed, her fingertips just brushing Bud's head to control him. Eric opened the door, then stepped back in surprise. â€Å"Rosamund†¦ what are you doing here? Does Mom know you're out?† Something like a miniature whirlwind entered the waiting room. It was a kid, a little girl with a mop of sandy hair sticking out from under a baseball cap. She was carrying a rolled-up blue blanket, and what could be seen of her expression under the hair was ferocious. â€Å"Mom said Madame Curie wasn't really sick, but she is. Call Dr. Joan.† With that, the kid marched into the office and dumped the blue blanket on the counter, pushing aside a clipboard and some vaccination reminder cards. â€Å"Hey. Don't.† When she ignored him, Eric looked at Thea. â€Å"Uh, this is my sister Rosamund. And I don't know how she got here-â€Å" â€Å"I rode my bike and I want Madame Curie fixed now.† Bud was rearing up and trying to sniff the blue blanket. Thea pushed him down gently. â€Å"Who's Madame Curie?† â€Å"Madame Curie is a guinea pig,† Eric said. He touched the blanket. â€Å"Roz-Dr. Joan is gone. She's out of town at a conference.† Rosamund's ferocious expression never wavered, but her chin began to quiver. â€Å"Okay, listen. I'll take a look at Madame Curie now, see if I can see anything. But first we have to call Mom and let her know you're alive.† He reached for the phone. â€Å"I'll take Bud back,† Thea said. â€Å"I think he thinks Madame Curie is lunch.† She led the puppy into the back room and coaxed him into the run with a promise of extra petting later. When she came back to the office, Eric was bent over a small brown-and-white guinea pig. He looked frustrated. â€Å"Well, there's something wrong with her-I guess. She seems weaker than usual and sort of lethargic___† Suddenly he jerked his hand back with a yelp. â€Å"Not too lethargic,† he said, eyeing the blood welling up from his thumb. He wiped it on a tissue and bent over the guinea pig again. â€Å"She's in a bad mood,† Rosamund said. â€Å"And she's not eating right. I told you yesterday she was sick.† â€Å"No, you didn't,† Eric said calmly. â€Å"You told me she was tired of living under patriarchy.† â€Å"Well, she is tired. And she's sick. Do something.† â€Å"Kid, I don't know what to do yet. Hang on.† He bent closer to the little animal, muttering to himself. â€Å"She's not coughing†¦ so it's not strep. Her lymph nodes are okay†¦ but her joints seem swollen. Now, that's weird.† Rosamund was watching him, her green eyes full of fierce trust. Eyes like Eric's, Thea realized. She reached out gently and just touched the guinea pig's soft fur with her fingers. Her mind reached gently, too. Frightened-little-animal thoughts. The guinea pig didn't like being here, wanted the sawdust of her cage, wanted safety. She didn't like the clinical smells, didn't like huge, strange fingers descending from the sky. Home-place, nest-place, she was thinking. And then, something odd. A concept-more smell and taste than picture. Madame Curie was imagining eating something†¦ something crunchy and slightly sharp. Eating and eating and eating. â€Å"Is there some treat she really likes?† Thea asked doubtfully. â€Å"Something like cabbage?† Eric blinked, then straightened up as if he'd gotten an electric shock. His green eyes stared straight into hers. â€Å"That's it! You're brilliant!† â€Å"What's it?† â€Å"What you said. She's got scurvy!† He dashed out of the office and came back with a thick book full of small print. â€Å"Yeah-here it is. Anorexia, lethargy, enlarged limb joints†¦ she's got all the symptoms.† He turned pages feverishly and then said triumphantly, â€Å"All we have to do is give her some of those veggies, or maybe some ascorbic acid in her water.† Scurvy-wasn't that a disease sailors used to get? When they were on long trips with no fresh fruits or vegetables? And ascorbic acid was†¦ â€Å"Vitamin C!† â€Å"Yeah! It's been hot and we've got hard water at our house-all that could deplete the vitamin C in her diet. But it's easy to fix.† Then Eric looked at Thea and shook his head wonderingly. â€Å"I've been studying for years, besides working here, and you just look at the animal and you know. How do you do that?† â€Å"She asked Madame Curie,† Rosamund said flatly. Thea gave her a wary glance. How come this whole family was so observant? â€Å"Ha ha,† she said, her voice light. â€Å"I like you,† Rosamund said, just as flatly as before. â€Å"Now where can I get some cabbage?† â€Å"Go look in the vaccine fridge in back,† Eric said. â€Å"If there isn't any, we can always use vitamin drops.† Rosamund trotted off. Eric watched her, openly fond. â€Å"She's an interesting kid,† Thea said. â€Å"She's sort of a genius. Also the world's smallest militant feminist. She's suing the local Boy Trekkers, you know. They won't let her in, and the Girl Trekkers don't trek. They do macrame.† Thea looked at him. â€Å"And what do you think of that?† â€Å"Me? I drive her to the lawyer's office whenever Mom can't make it. I figure it stops her griping. Besides, she's right.† Simple as that, Thea thought. She watched Eric as he folded the blue blanket, and heard a voice in her mind like the voice of an announcer describing a game-show prize. Now. Look at this guy. He's tender but intense. Brave. Profoundly insightful. Shy but with a wicked sense of humor. He's smart, he's honest, he's an animal lover†¦. He's human. I don't care. She was feeling-well, strange. As if she'd been breathing too much yemonja root. The air seemed sweet and heavy and tingly somehow, as if laced with tropical electricity. â€Å"Eric†¦Ã¢â‚¬  And she found herself touching the back of his hand. He let go of the blanket instantly and turned his hand to close on hers. He wasn't looking at her, though. He was still staring at the office desk. His chest heaved. â€Å"Eric?† â€Å"Sometimes I think if I blink, you'll disappear.† Oh, Eileithyia, Thea thought. Oh, Aphrodite. I'm in terrible trouble. The thing was, it was terrible and wonderful. She felt awkward and tremendously safe at once, scared to death and not scared of anything. And what she wanted was so simple. If he only felt the same, everything would be all right. â€Å"I just can't even imagine life without you anymore, but I'm so afraid you'll go away,† Eric said, still looking fatalistically at the computer on the desk. Then he turned to her. â€Å"Are you mad?† Thea shook her head. Her heart was threatening to leave her body. When she met his eyes it was as if some circuit had closed. They were connected, now, and being pulled together as if Aphrodite herself was gathering them into her arms. And then everything was warm and wonderful. Better than holding the puppy, because Eric could hold her, too. And the thrills of fear that had been shooting through her seemed somehow to burst like fireworks and turn into exhilaration. Her cheek was against Eric's. And she'd never felt anything so blissful before. Eric's cheek was smooth and firm-and she was safe here, loved here. She could rest like this forever. Peace filled her like cool water. They were two birds enfolding each other with their wings. Swans mate for life†¦ and when they see their mate, they know, she thought. That's what happened in the desert. We knew each other; it was as if we each could see the other one's soul. Once you see into someone's soul, you're attached forever. Yeah, and there's a word for it in the Night World, part of her mind said, trying to shatter her peace. The soulmate principle. You're trying to say that your one and only is a human? But Thea couldn't be frightened, not now. She felt insulated from the Night World and the human world both. She and Eric formed their own reality; and it was enough just to stand here and breathe and to feel his breathing, without worrying about the future†¦. A door creaked and a blast of cool air blew in. Thea's eyes were startled open. And then her heart gave a terrible lurch and started thudding painfully. It wasn't the door that Rosamund had gone through. It was the front door, which Eric must have left unlocked. And Blaise was standing there in the waiting room.